Diphtheria is a contagious bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. This infection primarily affects the throat and nose, leading to symptoms like a sore throat, fever, and a thick gray or white coating in the throat. In severe cases, it can cause difficulty breathing and can be life-threatening without treatment.
Diphtheria matters for health because it can lead to serious complications if not treated promptly. The disease can spread through respiratory droplets or contaminated surfaces, making it important to be aware of its symptoms and transmission. Vaccination has greatly reduced the incidence of diphtheria, but outbreaks can still occur, especially in areas with low vaccination rates.
In the body, diphtheria affects the respiratory system by producing toxins that can damage tissues. This can lead to swelling in the throat, which may obstruct airways and make breathing difficult. The toxins can also enter the bloodstream, potentially affecting the heart and nervous system.
It is crucial to recognize the signs of diphtheria early and seek medical attention to prevent severe health issues. Vaccination is the best way to protect against this serious infection and is generally included in routine childhood immunizations. Maintaining good hygiene practices can also help in preventing its spread.