Health Glossary
Clear, evidence-based explanations of medical and health terms. Browse alphabetically or search for specific definitions.
10-year risk
The chance of having a fracture in the next ten years, based on FRAX calculations.
100% Cacao Chocolate
Chocolate made only from cacao beans, with no added sugar or milk.
15-anhydroglucitol (15-AG)
A substance used to measure recent changes in blood sugar levels.
A1C
A blood test that shows average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months.
Abdominal Fat
Fat stored in the belly area, linked to higher health risks.
Absorption
The process of substances crossing barriers into the bloodstream.
Access
The ability of patients to obtain necessary medical care and supplies.
Acetaminophen
A common pain reliever and fever reducer found in products like Tylenol.
Acetic Acid Producing Bacteria
Bacteria that create acetic acid during fermentation processes, like in kefir.
Acute Inflammation
A quick, short-term response by the body to injury or infection.
Adaptation
The body's adjustment process to repeated stimuli, influencing hormonal responses.
Adaptogens
Natural substances that help the body adapt to stress and promote mental balance.
Added Sugar
Sugar that is added to foods, often leading to health issues like blood sugar spikes.
Added Sugars
Sugars that are added to foods and drinks during processing or preparation.
Addiction
Addiction is a chronic condition characterized by compulsive substance use despite harmful consequences.
Addiction Potential
The likelihood of developing a dependence on a substance or behavior.
Addictive Behaviors
Patterns of actions or consumption that lead to craving and dependence on substances or activities.
Adenosine
A neurotransmitter that helps promote sleep and relaxation in the brain.
ADHD
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting attention and behavior.
Adherence
The consistency and commitment to a diet or exercise plan.
Adiposity
The condition of being overweight or having too much body fat.
Adrenaline
A hormone that helps the body respond to stress and boosts energy production.
Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs)
Compounds formed when sugars combine with proteins or fats, linked to inflammation and cancer risks.
Adverse Effects
Negative health outcomes that occur due to certain actions or substances, like alcohol.
Adverse Health Effects
Negative impacts on health caused by certain behaviors or substances.
Adverse Vaccine Reactions
Health issues experienced after vaccination that can affect personal beliefs.
Advisory Committee
A group of experts that reviews data and recommends actions, like vaccine approval.
Aerobic Activity
Aerobic activity is exercise that uses oxygen to fuel the body over longer periods.
Aerobic Exercise
Aerobic exercise is physical activity that increases your heart rate and breathing.
Aesthetic Goals
Objectives related to improving physical appearance and body composition.
Afferentation
Afferentation is the process of sensory signals traveling to the brain from the body.
Afterlife
The idea of existence after death, often explored in various cultures and beliefs.
Age-Adjusted Death Rate
A measure that accounts for different age groups in a population when calculating death rates.
Aging Speed
The rate at which biological aging occurs, often measured by biomarkers.
Air Quality Index (AQI)
A scale that shows how polluted the air is or how polluted it may become.
Alcohol Consumption
The act of drinking alcoholic beverages, often seen in social situations.
Aldehydes
Aldehydes are harmful compounds often found in refined seed oils.
Alkaloids
Chemical compounds often found in plants, known for their effects on the body.
All-Cause Mortality
The risk of death from any cause during a specific time period.
All-Cause Mortality Risk
The risk of dying from any cause, linked to overall health habits.
Allergies
Allergies are reactions of the immune system to certain substances called allergens.
Allicin
A natural compound in garlic known for its anti-inflammatory properties.
Alzheimer's
A neurodegenerative disease affecting memory and cognitive function, mainly in older adults.
Alzheimer's disease
A progressive brain disorder that affects memory and thinking skills.
Amino Acids
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins essential for muscle repair and growth.
Anabolic
Anabolic refers to processes that build up tissues, especially muscle mass.
Anabolic Steroids
Synthetic substances that mimic testosterone to boost muscle growth.
Analgesic
A substance that helps relieve pain.
Anecdotal Evidence
Personal stories used to highlight experiences, not backed by scientific research.
Anecdote is Not Evidence
Personal stories are not scientific proof of health claims.
Anesthesia Complexity
Anesthesia complexity refers to the challenges in administering anesthesia safely.
Anorectal Manometry
A test that measures how well the rectum and anus work.
Anti-Aging Science
The study of how to understand and reduce the effects of aging.
Anti-inflammatory
Substances that help reduce inflammation in the body.
Anti-Inflammatory Diet
A diet focused on reducing inflammation through specific food choices.
Anti-inflammatory Eating Patterns
Dietary habits that focus on whole foods to lower inflammation in the body.
Anti-inflammatory Foods
Foods that help reduce inflammation in the body.
Anti-Nausea Remedy
A treatment to relieve feelings of nausea.
Anti-nutrients
Compounds in foods that can interfere with the absorption of nutrients.
Antifungal
A substance that helps treat infections caused by fungi.
Antimicrobial Properties
The ability to stop the growth of harmful microorganisms.
Antinutrient
A compound found in plant foods that can block nutrient absorption.
Antioxidant
Substances that protect the body from damage caused by free radicals.
Antioxidants
Compounds that protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
Antiviral Medications
Drugs that help the body fight viral infections, like HIV.
Anxiety
A mental health condition that causes excessive worry and fear.
Apheresis
Apheresis is a process that separates blood components for medical use.
ApoA1
A protein that helps form HDL cholesterol and protects heart health.
ApoB
ApoB is a protein linked to lipoproteins and plays a role in heart disease.
apoB-containing lipoproteins
Lipoproteins like LDL and VLDL that are linked to heart disease risk.
Appetite
The natural desire to eat, influenced by various factors.
AQI
AQI stands for Air Quality Index, a measure of air pollution levels.
Arthritis
A condition causing joint pain and inflammation.
Artificial Colors
Synthetic dyes added to food and products for visual appeal.
Artificial Food Dyes
Synthetic color additives used in food that may impact health.
Artificial Sweeteners
Sugar substitutes that are often used in foods and drinks to provide sweetness without calories.
Artificial Valves
Man-made devices that replace damaged heart valves.
Asthma
Asthma is a chronic condition that affects breathing by causing inflammation in the airways.
Astigmatism
A vision condition caused by an irregular shape of the eye's lens or cornea.
Atherosclerosis
A condition where fats and cholesterol build up in arteries, raising heart disease risk.
ATP
ATP is a molecule that provides energy for many processes in the body, especially in muscles.
ATP Cycling
ATP cycling is the process of producing and using ATP, the main energy source for cells.
ATP Energy Production
The process of creating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for energy in cells.
Autism
A developmental disorder affecting communication and behavior.
Autoimmune Condition
A disease where the immune system attacks the body's own cells.
Autoimmune Reaction
An immune response where the body attacks its own cells by mistake.
Autoimmune Responses
Immune reactions that mistakenly attack the body's own tissues.
Autophagy
Autophagy is the process that cleans out damaged cells in the body.
Average Glucose
The typical blood sugar level associated with an A1C test result.
Avoidant Attachment
A pattern of relating to others that often comes from past trauma or abuse.
Avoidant Personality Disorder
A mental health condition marked by extreme shyness and fear of rejection.
B vitamins
A group of essential vitamins important for energy and overall health.
Balance
The ability to maintain stability and control of the body in a given position.
Balance or Coordination Problems
Issues with stability or movement control that can affect daily activities.
Basal Metabolic Rate
The number of calories your body burns while at rest.
BDNF
BDNF is a hormone that helps support brain cell growth and connections.
Bell palsy
A condition causing sudden weakness in the muscles on one side of the face.
Benefit Over Risk
A comparison of positive outcomes against possible negative effects in health decisions.
Benign Enlargement
A non-cancerous growth of the prostate that can raise PSA levels.
Beta-blockers
Beta-blockers are medications that lower heart rate and help manage heart conditions.
Beta-Glucan
A type of soluble fiber found in oats that helps lower cholesterol levels.
BIA
BIA is a technique used to measure body composition using electrical currents.
BIA (bioelectrical impedance analysis)
A method for measuring body composition by using electrical currents.
Bile
A substance made by the liver that helps digest fats.
Bile Acids
Bile acids are substances made from cholesterol that help digest fats.
Bile Production
The process of making bile, which aids in digesting fats in the body.
Bioactive Molecules
Substances in food that can affect health and body functions.
Bioavailability
The extent to which a substance is absorbed into the bloodstream.
Biodynamically Grown
Farming method focusing on ecological balance and sustainability.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)
A method to assess body composition using electrical currents and tissue resistance.
Biological Age
A measure of how well your body is aging compared to your actual age.
Biological Aging
The natural process of the body changing as we grow older.
Biological Rhythms
The body's natural cycles that affect mental and physical health.
Biomarkers
Biomarkers are biological signs used to measure health and guide medical decisions.
Biopsies
A biopsy is a medical procedure to remove tissue for disease examination.
Biopsy
A biopsy is a procedure to remove tissue samples for cancer diagnosis.
Blood Glucose
The sugar present in the blood, important for energy and diabetes management.
Blood Glucose Regulation
The process of keeping blood sugar levels within a healthy range.
Blood Loss
The amount of blood that leaves the body due to injury or surgery.
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against blood vessel walls.
Blood Pressure Monitor
A device used to measure and track blood pressure levels.
Blood Sugar
blood sugar is a health-related term. Definition pending review.
Blood Sugar Control
Managing blood glucose levels within a target range.
Blood Sugar Handling
It is the body's way of managing glucose levels after meals.
Blood Sugar Regulation
The process that keeps glucose levels stable in the blood.
Blood Sugar Response
The body's reaction to glucose levels after eating, especially sugar.
Blood Sugar Spikes
Temporary increases in blood glucose levels that can stress the kidneys.
Blood Sugar Swings
Rapid increases and decreases in blood glucose levels after eating certain foods.
Blood Work
Tests that analyze blood samples to check health markers.
Blue Light Filtering Goggles
Eyewear designed to block blue light from screens, potentially improving sleep quality.
Blue Zones
Regions with a higher number of people living over 100 years old.
Blueprint
A blueprint is a detailed plan or guide for achieving health goals.
BMI
BMI is a measure that uses height and weight to evaluate body composition.
BMI (Body Mass Index)
A measure that helps determine if a person has a healthy weight.
Body Composition
The ratio of fat to non-fat mass in the body.
Body Fat
Body fat is the fat stored in the body for energy and insulation.
Body Fat Percentage
The amount of fat in your body compared to your total weight.
Body Fat Percentages
The proportion of fat compared to total body weight.
Body Lice
Body lice are tiny insects that live in clothing seams and feed on human blood.
Body Mass Index
BMI is a measure that compares weight to height to assess body fat.
Bodybuilding-Oriented
Training focused on increasing muscle size and improving body appearance.
Bone Density
The amount of mineral matter in bones, indicating their strength and health.
Bone Health
The condition of bones, impacting strength and risk of fractures.
Bone Mineral Density
A measurement of the amount of minerals in bones, indicating fracture risk.
Bone Remodeling
The process of renewing and reshaping bone tissue due to stress and activity.
Bone Strength
The ability of bones to withstand stress and resist fractures.
Botulinum Toxin
A substance used to treat various health conditions by blocking nerve signals to muscles.
Botulism
A rare but serious illness caused by a toxin from the Clostridium botulinum bacterium.
Bovine Tuberculosis
A bacterial infection in cattle that can be passed to humans through unpasteurized milk.
Brain Aging
The process of the brain changing over time, influenced by factors like omega 3 levels.
Brain Fog
A condition causing confusion and difficulty concentrating due to brain waste buildup.
Brain Health
Brain health refers to cognitive function and overall mental well-being.
Brain Performance
The ability of the brain to think, learn, and remember effectively.
Brain Plasticity
The brain's ability to change and adapt by forming new connections.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)
A protein that supports neuron health and cognitive function, boosted by exercise.
Bright Light Exposure
Exposure to bright light to help regulate sleep and stress hormones.
Bulking
A dietary strategy for gaining weight and muscle mass by consuming more calories than the body burns.
C-reactive protein
A blood marker that shows the level of inflammation in the body.
Cacao
Cacao is the raw form of chocolate, rich in beneficial compounds.
Cacao Butter
Cacao butter is the fat extracted from cacao beans, mainly used in chocolate production.
Cacao Solids
The non-fat part of cacao that contains most of its beneficial compounds.
Cafestol
Cafestol is a compound in coffee that affects how the body handles cholesterol.
Caffeine
A natural stimulant found in coffee, tea, and energy drinks that can affect sleep.
Calcium
A mineral important for bone health and other body functions.
Calcium Oxalate
A compound formed when oxalate combines with calcium, often linked to kidney stones.
Calf Muscles
Muscles at the back of the lower leg that help with movement and exercise.
Caloric Deficit
A state where you consume fewer calories than your body uses.
Caloric Density
Caloric density measures the number of calories in a given weight or volume of food.
Caloric Intake
The total number of calories consumed through food and drinks.
Caloric Restriction
A dietary approach that reduces calorie intake without malnutrition.
Calorie Allocation
The process by which the body decides how to use extra calories.
Calorie Deficit
A state where calorie intake is lower than calorie expenditure, leading to weight loss.
Calorie Surplus
A state where calorie intake is greater than calorie use, leading to potential fat storage.
Calories
Calories are a measure of energy from food, important for health and weight management.
Campylobacter jejuni
A bacterium commonly found in undercooked chicken that can cause foodborne illness.
Cancer
Cancer is a disease where cells grow uncontrollably in the body.
Cancer Deaths
Deaths caused by various types of cancer affecting the body.
Capsaicin
Capsaicin is the active component in spicy foods that affects pain receptors.
Carbohydrate
A type of macronutrient that provides energy and helps restore glycogen after exercise.
Carbohydrate Intolerance
A condition where the body struggles to process carbohydrates effectively.
Carbohydrate Quality
Carbohydrate quality refers to the nutritional value of carbs we consume.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
A colorless, odorless gas that can build up indoors, especially in crowded spaces.
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
A colorless, odorless gas that can be dangerous or deadly when breathed in.
Carcinogen
A substance that may cause cancer in living tissue.
Cardiologist
A doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating heart conditions.
Cardiometabolic Concerns
Health issues affecting the heart and metabolism, often linked to diet and sugar intake.
Cardiometabolic Disease
A group of conditions affecting heart health and metabolism, like heart disease and diabetes.
Cardiometabolic Diseases
These are health conditions affecting the heart and metabolism, often linked to obesity.
Cardiometabolic Risk
The chance of developing heart disease and type 2 diabetes due to metabolic issues.
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Health indicators that increase the risk of heart disease and diabetes.
Cardiometabolic Strain
Stress on the heart and metabolism due to unhealthy lifestyle choices.
Cardiometabolic Syndromes
A group of conditions that raise the risk of heart disease and diabetes.
Cardiovascular
Relating to the heart and blood vessels in the body.
Cardiovascular Concerns
Health issues related to the heart and blood vessels.
Cardiovascular Deaths
Deaths caused by heart-related diseases and conditions.
Cardiovascular Disease
A group of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, often linked to obesity and inactivity.
Cardiovascular Diseases
A group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels.
Cardiovascular Function
The overall performance of the heart and blood vessels.
Cardiovascular Health
The health of the heart and blood vessels, essential for overall well-being.
Cardiovascular Recovery
The process by which the heart and blood vessels return to rest after exercise or stress.
Cardiovascular Risk
The chance of having heart-related health problems, often linked to cholesterol levels.
Cardiovascular Specific Mortality
The risk of death directly caused by cardiovascular diseases.
Care Plan
A care plan is a structured approach to managing a patient's health needs.
Carnivore-Style Diet
A diet mainly made up of meat with very few carbohydrates.
Carolina Reaper
A super-hot pepper known for its extreme heat, developed by crossing other pepper types.
Case Report
A detailed report on an individual patient's symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.
Casein Protein
A slowly digested protein that releases amino acids steadily into the body.
Catabolic
A metabolic state that involves breaking down molecules for energy.
Catalysts
Substances that speed up biochemical reactions in the body, essential for metabolism.
Causal Link
A causal link is the relationship where one event directly causes another.
Causation
Causation is the principle that one event leads to the occurrence of another.
CDC
The CDC is a national public health agency in the United States.
CDC Vaccine Advisory Groups
Committees that guide vaccine recommendations based on evidence and research.
Cellular Energy Production
The process by which cells generate energy, often improved by infrared light exposure.
Cellular Health
The overall well-being and function of cells in the body.
Cellulite
A skin condition causing dimpled, lumpy areas usually on thighs and buttocks.
Central Nervous System Effects
Symptoms that impact the brain and spinal cord during serious infections.
CGM (Continuous Glucose Monitor)
A device that continuously tracks blood glucose levels throughout the day.
Cheat Reps
Cheat reps use body movement or momentum to help complete an exercise repetition.
Cherry-Picking
The selective presentation of data to support a specific conclusion.
Chest Pain
Discomfort or pain in the chest area, possibly indicating a serious health issue.
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Chlorinated hydrocarbons are toxic chemicals linked to serious health issues.
Chlorine-Washed Chicken
Poultry treated with chlorine to kill bacteria before processing.
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is the green pigment in plants that helps them absorb light for photosynthesis.
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a waxy substance in your blood needed for building cells.
Cholesterol Hypothesis
The theory linking high cholesterol levels to increased heart disease risk.
Cholesterol Levels
Cholesterol levels refer to the amount of cholesterol in the blood, affecting heart health.
Cholesterol Paradox
Lower cholesterol levels can lead to worse health outcomes in some cases.
Chronic Condition
A long-term health issue that persists over time, such as diabetes or hypertension.
Chronic Conditions
Long-term health issues that persist over time, like diabetes and hypertension.
Chronic Disease
A long-lasting health condition that can be controlled but not cured.
Chronic Disease Prevention
Strategies to lower the risk of long-term health problems like heart disease and cancer.
Chronic Disease Risks
The chance of developing long-term health issues influenced by various factors.
Chronic Diseases
Long-term health conditions often linked to lifestyle choices and can be preventable.
Chronic Fatigue
A long-lasting feeling of low energy that is not normal for the person's daily activities.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
A complex disorder marked by extreme fatigue without a clear medical cause.
Chronic Illness
Long-lasting health conditions that can be managed but not cured.
Chronic Immune-Inflammatory Process
A long-lasting immune response that can lead to various health issues.
Chronic Infection
A long-term infection that persists in the body, often leading to serious health problems.
Chronic Infections
Long-term infections that persist in the body, often causing ongoing health issues.
Chronic Inflammation
Long-lasting inflammation that can lead to various health problems.
Chronic Kidney Disease
A long-term condition where the kidneys do not work effectively.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
A long-term condition where the kidneys gradually lose their ability to function.
Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation
A long-lasting, mild inflammatory state affecting overall health and brain function.
Chronic Pain
Ongoing pain that lasts longer than three months and can affect daily life.
Chronic Short Sleep
A condition where a person consistently sleeps less than the recommended hours for good health.
Chronic Sleep Restriction
A pattern of consistently getting less sleep than needed over time.
Chronic Stress
Long-term stress that can harm mental health and brain function.
Chronological Age
Chronological age is the total number of years a person has lived.
Circadian Disruption
A disturbance of the body's natural sleep-wake cycle.
Circadian Rhythm
The natural internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and other bodily functions.
Circadian Rhythms
Circadian rhythms are natural internal processes that regulate sleep-wake cycles.
Circadian System
The circadian system regulates the body's internal clock and daily rhythms.
Circulation
The movement of blood through the body, essential for delivering oxygen and nutrients.
Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is severe scarring of the liver from liver diseases or long-term damage.
Clean Products
Supplements free from contaminants and made with trusted ingredients.
Clearance
The process of removing substances from the body through waste.
Clinical Decisions
Choices made by healthcare providers based on patient information and risk assessments.
Clinical Guidance for Obesity
Recommendations for managing obesity through support and lifestyle changes.
Clinical Trials
Clinical trials are research studies that test new medical treatments in people.
Clinician
A healthcare professional who evaluates and treats patients.
Co-administration
The practice of giving multiple vaccines during the same visit.
CO2
Carbon dioxide, a gas that affects air quality and ventilation health.
Coagulation
The process of blood clotting that helps stop bleeding.
Coefficient of Friction
A measure of how much grip a surface provides, affecting slips and falls.
Cognition
Cognition is the mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding.
Cognitive Aging
The gradual decline in mental abilities as a person gets older.
Cognitive Change
Cognitive change refers to alterations in mental processes like memory and reasoning.
Cognitive Decline
Cognitive decline is the gradual loss of thinking skills, including memory and reasoning.
Cognitive Energy
The mental resources available for thinking, learning, and making decisions.
Cognitive Fatigue
A state of mental exhaustion from extended stress and overwhelming responsibilities.
Cognitive Function
Cognitive function includes mental processes like memory, decision-making, and learning.
Cognitive Functions
Mental processes like memory, reasoning, and problem-solving.
Cognitive Health
Cognitive health refers to the state of brain function, including memory and focus.
Cognitive Overload
A condition where the brain struggles to manage too much information or too many tasks.
Cognitive Performance
The ability to think, remember, and solve problems effectively.
Cold Sensitivity
A symptom of feeling cold easily due to low metabolism and reduced heat production.
Collective Movement
A coordinated effort by individuals to advocate for healthcare improvements.
Color Additive
A substance added to food to enhance its color, regulated by the FDA.
Colostrum
Colostrum is the first milk produced by mammals after giving birth, rich in nutrients and antibodies.
Comfort Drug
A term for substances like chocolate used for emotional satisfaction rather than health.
Community
A group of individuals who share common interests or beliefs and support each other.
Concentrated Extracts
Potent forms of herbal substances, often leading to increased health risks.
Concentric
The phase of an exercise where a muscle shortens while generating force.
Concussion
A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head or body.
Confounding
A situation in research where an outside factor affects both the independent and dependent variables.
Confounding Factors
Variables that can affect the results of a study, making it hard to find true effects.
Connective Tissue
Connective tissue supports, binds, and protects other tissues in the body.
Consciousness
The state of being aware of and able to think and respond to one's surroundings.
Consent
Consent is the agreement of individuals to participate in research or treatment.
Consumer Awareness
Understanding product differences and labels to make informed choices.
Contaminants
Unwanted substances in water that can harm health and hydration.
Continuous Glucose Monitor
A device that tracks blood sugar levels in real time.
Contra-coup
An injury where the brain hits the skull opposite to the side of impact.
Contra-coup Injury
A type of brain injury occurring on the opposite side of impact.
Contractile Proteins
Proteins that enable muscles to contract and generate force.
Control the Weight
Managing the speed and stability of lifting during exercise.
Controlled Form
A way of exercising that focuses on maintaining proper technique throughout the movement.
Controlled Weight
Managing the speed and technique of lifting weights for safety and effectiveness.
Coordination
The ability to use different body parts together smoothly and efficiently.
COPD
A chronic lung disease that makes it hard to breathe.
Coping Mechanisms
Strategies used to handle stress and difficult emotions.
Core Exercise
Exercises that strengthen the muscles in your abdomen and lower back.
Coronary Artery Disease
A condition where coronary arteries narrow, increasing the risk of heart attacks.
Correlation
A statistical relationship between two variables that does not imply one causes the other.
Correlation and Causation
Correlation is a relationship between two variables, while causation indicates one directly affects the other.
Correlation is Not Causation
Just because two things happen at the same time doesn't mean one causes the other.
Correlation vs. Causation
Correlation is when two events happen together, while causation is when one event causes the other.
Cortisol
Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps regulate stress and metabolism.
Cortisol Awakening Response
The rise in cortisol levels after waking up, helping with alertness and energy.
Cortisol Rhythm
The daily pattern of cortisol levels, peaking in the morning and decreasing by evening.
Cosmetic Manipulation of Food
Altering food appearance using additives, possibly reducing its nutritional value.
Cough Suppressants
Medications that help reduce the urge to cough.
Cranberry Juice
Cranberry juice is a drink made from cranberries, often associated with various health claims.
Cranial Nerve
Nerves that emerge directly from the brain and control various functions.
Creatine
A supplement that may help increase muscle mass and strength.
Creatine Kinase
An enzyme that indicates muscle damage and may rise after intense exercise.
Critical Thinking
The ability to analyze information and make informed health decisions.
Cultural Norms
Accepted behaviors and practices in a society that influence health choices.
Curcumin
Curcumin is the active compound in turmeric known for its anti-inflammatory effects.
Cushing's syndrome
A condition caused by excess cortisol in the body.
Cutting Phase
A period of caloric deficit aimed at reducing body fat while preserving muscle mass.
Cytokines
Cytokines are proteins that help regulate the immune response and inflammation.
D.I.L.F.
D.I.L.F. stands for 'dads into living fit', promoting health and fitness among fathers.
Dad Bod
A dad bod is a physique that is soft and untoned, typically found in middle-aged men.
Data-Driven Health
An approach to health that uses data and measurements to guide decisions.
Dawn Effect
Early-morning hormone activity that raises energy and insulin levels.
Deadlift
A weightlifting exercise that works multiple muscle groups, especially the lower back and legs.
Deadlift Platform
A stable surface designed for safely performing deadlifts during strength training.
Decision Fatigue
A mental exhaustion from making too many decisions, leading to poor choices.
Deconditioning
A decline in physical fitness often shown by poor performance in endurance tests.
Deep Knee Flexion
Bending the knee to a significant degree, affecting joint health and exercise.
Deep Sleep
A restorative stage of sleep that is influenced by cortisol levels.
Deep Stretching
A technique that involves stretching muscles deeply to improve flexibility, especially in calves.
Deformity
A deformity is an abnormal shape or structure of a body part.
Dehydration
A condition that occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in.
Delaney Clause
A rule that bans food additives linked to cancer in humans.
Delayed Sleep Onset
A condition where it takes longer to fall asleep, often due to high-intensity exercise before bed.
Delirium
Delirium is a severe mental disturbance often linked to illness or high fever.
Dementia
A decline in cognitive function affecting memory and thinking skills.
Dementia Risk
The chance of developing dementia due to various factors over time.
Depression
A mental health disorder causing persistent sadness and loss of interest.
Desensitize
To reduce sensitivity to pain through repeated exposure.
Detoxification
The process of removing harmful substances from the body.
DEXA
DEXA is a test that measures body composition, including fat and muscle mass.
DEXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry)
A scan that measures bone density and body composition using low-dose X-rays.
DEXA machine
A DEXA machine is a tool used to measure body composition accurately.
DEXA scans
A DEXA scan is a medical test that measures body fat and lean mass.
DHA
DHA is an omega-3 fatty acid important for brain health and function.
Diabetes
Diabetes is a condition where the body can't properly process sugar.
Diabetes Food List
A guide of foods to help manage blood sugar levels in diabetes.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
A serious condition in diabetes caused by a lack of insulin, leading to high blood sugar and ketone buildup.
Diaphragmatic Breathing
A deep breathing technique that helps the lymphatic system by moving lymph fluid.
Diclofenac Gel
A topical gel used to relieve joint pain with fewer side effects than oral medications.
Diet Changes
Modifications to eating habits that can affect health outcomes.
Diet Tracking
Diet tracking is monitoring what you eat to keep a balanced diet.
Dietary Change
Adjustments in food choices that can influence health and blood sugar levels.
Dietary Choices
The selection of foods and drinks that people consume.
Dietary Cholesterol
Cholesterol obtained from food, with little impact on blood cholesterol levels.
Dietary Habits
The patterns of eating that influence blood sugar levels and overall health.
Dietary Interventions
Changes in diet aimed at improving health and reducing aging markers.
Dietary Nitrates
Compounds in some vegetables that turn into nitric oxide to widen blood vessels.
Dietary Patterns
The overall habits and food choices that affect health outcomes.
Dietary Supplements
Products taken to enhance the diet, regulated differently than medications.
Dilution Ratios
The proportion of a substance mixed with a solvent for safety and effectiveness.
Diphtheria
Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection affecting the throat and nose.
Disease Burden
The overall impact of health problems on a population's quality of life.
Disordered Eating
A range of irregular eating behaviors that may not fit a specific eating disorder diagnosis.
Diuretics
Substances that help the body remove excess fluid through urine.
Dizziness
A feeling of lightheadedness or unsteadiness often linked to stress.
DNA Damage
Harm to genetic material that can affect health and cell function.
Dopamine
A neurotransmitter that plays a key role in motivation and learning.
Dopamine Hijacking
Dopamine hijacking is the manipulation of the brain's reward system by certain foods to create cravings.
Dose-Response Relationship
The connection between the amount of a treatment and its effect on the body.
Dry Eye
A condition where the eyes do not produce enough tears or quality tears.
Dynamometer
A device used to measure grip strength and muscle force.
Dysbiosis
An imbalance in the gut microbiome that can lead to health issues.
E. coli
A type of bacteria that can cause severe illness, often found in contaminated raw milk.
Early-Onset
Refers to diseases that occur at a younger age than is typical.
Early-Onset Trends
Patterns of diseases appearing at younger ages, like heart disease and cancer.
Eating Disorder
A serious mental health condition with abnormal eating habits.
Eccentric
A phase of movement where muscles lengthen while under tension.
Eccentric Exercises
Exercises that lengthen muscles while they are under tension.
Eccentric Phase
The lowering part of a repetition during resistance training.
Echocardiogram
An echocardiogram is a test that uses ultrasound to see the heart's structure and function.
Effort
The amount of physical exertion applied during lifting exercises.
EGCG
EGCG is a compound in green tea known for its health benefits, including anti-inflammatory effects.
Elbow Pain
Discomfort or pain experienced in the elbow joint area.
Electrolytes
Electrolytes are essential minerals that help balance fluids and support muscle function.
Electromyography (EMG)
EMG measures muscle activity to help personalize workout plans.
Emergency Care
Immediate medical treatment for serious health issues requiring urgent attention.
EMG
EMG measures muscle electrical activity to assess muscle function.
EMG (electromyography)
A test that measures muscle activity and helps personalize workout plans.
Emotional Abuse
Emotional abuse is a form of psychological harm that affects a person's mental well-being.
Emotional Healing
The process of recovering from emotional pain or trauma.
Emotional Resilience
The ability to adapt and bounce back from stress and challenges.
Empathy
The ability to understand and share the feelings of others.
Emulsifier
A substance that helps mix ingredients, like oil and water, in food and drinks.
Emulsifiers
Substances that help blend oil and water in food products.
Endocrine Disruption
A condition where chemicals interfere with hormone functions in the body.
Endocrine Health
The state of balance and proper functioning of hormones in the endocrine system.
Endothelial Dysfunction
A condition where blood vessel linings do not work properly, leading to heart issues.
Endothelium
A thin layer of cells lining blood vessels, crucial for vascular health.
Endurance
The ability to sustain physical activity over time.
Energy Balance
The relationship between calories eaten and calories burned.
Energy Deficit
A condition where the body uses more energy than it consumes.
Energy Density
The amount of calories in a specific weight or volume of food.
Energy Expenditure
The amount of energy the body uses during physical activity.
Energy Partitioning
The body's process of deciding to store extra calories as muscle or fat.
Energy Sources
The nutrients the body uses for fuel, mainly carbohydrates and fats.
Energy Stability
The balance of energy supply for the brain, impacting overall health and well-being.
Enteric Nervous System (ENS)
A network of neurons that controls the gastrointestinal system and connects with the brain.
Enzymes
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body.
EPA
EPA is an omega-3 fatty acid important for inflammation balance and brain health.
Epidemic Typhus
Epidemic typhus is an infectious disease caused by Rickettsia prowazekii, often linked to poor living conditions.
Epidemiological Studies
Research studies that explore health patterns and causes in populations.
Epidemiology
The study of how diseases affect health in populations.
Epidermis
The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin that protects the body.
Epigenetic Clocks
Tools that measure biological aging based on DNA changes over time.
Erectile Function
The ability to achieve and maintain an erection.
Ergogenic Aid
A substance that improves physical performance, like caffeine.
Essential Amino Acids
Amino acids that the body cannot make and must come from food.
Essential Fatty Acids
Fats the body can't make itself, vital for many bodily functions.
Estrogen
A hormone important for sexual and reproductive health in both men and women.
Evidence-Based
An approach using reliable research and expert advice to make health decisions.
Evidence-Based Guidance
Recommendations based on scientific evidence and research for health practices.
Evidence-Based Information
Information based on scientific research and data, essential for public health.
Evidence-Based Strategies
Approaches based on research that aim to improve health outcomes.
Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)
EPOC is the increased calorie burn that occurs after exercise.
Execution Quality
The standard of form maintained during exercise.
Executive Function
A set of mental skills that help with focus, memory, and flexibility in thinking.
Exercise
Physical activity that improves fitness and overall health.
Exercise Intensity
The level of effort required during physical activity.
Exercise Moderation
Balancing physical activity with rest to maintain overall health.
Exercise Performance
The ability to perform physical activities effectively and efficiently.
Exercise Physiology
The study of how the body reacts to physical activity.
Exercise Quality
Exercise quality refers to how well physical activity is performed to achieve health goals.
Exercise Technique
The method of performing exercises that affects safety and effectiveness.
Existential Reflections
Thoughts that explore the meaning of life and death, often after shared death experiences.
Exposure Frequency
The rate at which a person consumes certain substances over time.
Exposure Routes
The ways an individual can come into contact with an infectious agent.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy
A treatment using sound waves to help with pain and sexual health issues.
Extreme Diet Changes
Significant alterations to eating habits that can affect health.
Eye-Tracking Glasses
Glasses that track where the eyes are looking in real-time.
Fall Risk
The likelihood of falling, often assessed through functional performance tests.
Falls
Falls are accidents where a person trips or loses balance and falls to the ground.
False Negatives
Test results that incorrectly show no disease when it is present.
False Positives
Results that mistakenly show a condition is present when it is not.
False Positives and Negatives
Incorrect test results that can cause unnecessary worry or missed diagnoses.
Family History
Family history refers to health information about a person's relatives.
Fast Energetics
Quick energy systems used during short bursts of intense physical activity.
Fasted
Fasted means not eating for a period of time, affecting focus and productivity.
Fasting
Fasting is the practice of not eating food for a set period of time.
Fasting Blood Sugar
The level of glucose in the blood after not eating for at least 8 hours.
Fasting Glucose
The level of glucose in the blood after not eating for a period of time.
Fasting Insulin
The level of insulin in the blood after not eating for a period of time.
Fat Burner Pills
Supplements that claim to help with fat loss, but often have limited effects.
Fat Digestion
The process of breaking down fats in the body to absorb nutrients.
Fat Gain
The increase in body fat due to energy availability and nutrition timing.
Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI)
A measure that relates muscle mass to height, used to assess physique types.
Fat-Soluble
Vitamins that dissolve in fats and can be stored in the body.
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Vitamins that can be stored in the body's fatty tissues, including A, D, E, and K.
Fatigue
A feeling of excessive tiredness that may indicate the need for rest.
Fatigue Management
Strategies to control fatigue during exercise for better performance and recovery.
Fatty Liver Changes
A condition where fat builds up in the liver, potentially harming its function.
Fatty Liver Disease
A condition where excess fat builds up in the liver, often linked to metabolic syndrome.
FDA
The FDA is a U.S. agency that regulates food, drugs, and vaccines to protect public health.
FDA Vaccine Advisory Committee
A group that advises on vaccine safety and effectiveness based on scientific evidence.
FDA’s Delaney Clause
A rule that bans food additives known to cause cancer.
Fermentation
Fermentation is a process that changes sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol.
Fertility
Fertility is the ability to conceive children or produce offspring.
FFMI
FFMI stands for Fat-Free Mass Index, which measures muscle mass based on height.
FFMI (Fat-Free Mass Index)
A measure of muscle mass based on height to assess body composition.
FGF-21
A liver-made protein that helps control hormones and fat loss in the body.
Fiber
Fiber is a plant-based dietary component that helps maintain fullness and aids in digestion.
Fiber-Rich Foods
Foods high in dietary fiber that support digestive health and can help manage cholesterol levels.
First Aid
Immediate help for someone injured or ill before professional medical care arrives.
Fitness Age
A measure of biological age based on fitness levels rather than just weight.
Fitness Assessments
Tools used to evaluate a person's physical abilities and health risks.
Flavonoids
Natural compounds in fruits and vegetables that have antioxidant properties.
Floaters
Small spots or lines in vision that can indicate retinal issues if they increase suddenly.
Floppy Baby Syndrome
A condition in infants marked by weakness and poor muscle tone, often linked to botulism.
Fluticasone
A topical steroid used to treat allergies and skin irritation from adhesives.
Fluticasone Nasal Spray
A nasal spray used to relieve allergy symptoms and reduce inflammation.
Foam Cells
Foam cells are macrophages that have absorbed modified LDL cholesterol.
Focus
The mental concentration needed to perform tasks effectively.
Food Poisoning
An illness caused by eating contaminated food, resulting in symptoms like nausea and vomiting.
Food System
A food system includes the production, processing, distribution, and consumption of food.
Foodborne Diseases
Illnesses caused by eating contaminated food or drinks.
Foodborne Infection
Illness caused by eating food contaminated with harmful germs.
Form
Form refers to the correct posture and technique during exercises.
Fracture
A fracture is a break in a bone caused by injury or stress.
Fracture Risk
The chance of experiencing a bone fracture, influenced by various health factors.
Fragility Fracture
A bone fracture caused by minimal trauma, often linked to low bone density.
Frailty
A condition marked by reduced strength, energy, and overall health, increasing fall and hospitalization risks.
FRAX
A tool that estimates the risk of fractures in the next 10 years.
Free PSA
A type of prostate-specific antigen that helps assess prostate cancer risk.
Full-Body Workouts
Exercise sessions that engage multiple muscle groups for overall fitness.
Functional Overreaching
A temporary decline in performance used in training with planned recovery.
Functional Strength
Strength used in daily activities and movements for better overall function.
Functional Tests
Standardized assessments that measure how well individuals move in daily life.
Functional Training
Exercise that prepares the body for everyday movements and activities.
Gallbladder Disease
Gallbladder disease refers to conditions affecting the gallbladder, often involving pain or dysfunction.
Gallbladder Function
The gallbladder stores bile, aiding in fat digestion and nutrient absorption.
Gastric Emptying
The speed at which food moves from the stomach into the intestine.
Gastrocnemius Muscle
The gastrocnemius is the large muscle in the back of the lower leg, or calf.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
GERD is a condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus.
Gastrointestinal Issues
Problems related to the digestive system affecting digestion and absorption.
Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Signs like nausea and diarrhea related to digestive tract issues.
Generally Safe
Generally safe refers to something that most people can use without serious harm.
Genetics
The study of heredity and inherited traits that affect living things.
ghrelin
A hormone that signals hunger and increases appetite in the body.
GI upset
GI upset refers to gastrointestinal discomfort, including bloating and changes in bowel habits.
GI-friendly
GI-friendly foods are gentle on the gastrointestinal system.
Ginger
A root used in cooking and medicine, known for reducing nausea.
Glare Sensitivity
Glare sensitivity is the discomfort or difficulty seeing in bright light conditions.
Glomeruli
Tiny filtering units in the kidneys that help remove waste from blood.
Glucagon
A hormone that raises blood sugar levels by promoting glucose production and release.
Glucometer
A device used to measure blood glucose levels.
Glucose
A simple sugar that provides energy to living organisms and is key in diabetes management.
Glucose Disposal
The process by which the body uses or stores glucose for energy.
Glucose Patterns
Fluctuations and trends in blood sugar levels over time.
Glucose Regulation
The process by which the body controls blood sugar levels.
Glucose Spikes
Rapid increases in blood sugar levels after eating.
Glucose Spikes and Dips
Fluctuations in blood sugar levels that can affect metabolic health.
Glucose Sponge
A term describing how muscles absorb glucose from the blood to regulate blood sugar levels.
Glucose-Lowering Medications
Medications that help manage blood sugar levels in people with diabetes.
Glutamine
Glutamine is an amino acid that helps maintain gut health and supports the intestinal barrier.
Gluten Sensitivity
A condition where people have negative reactions to gluten, a protein found in wheat and related grains.
Glycemic Control
Management of blood sugar levels in people with diabetes.
Glycemic Impact
The effect a food has on blood glucose levels after eating.
Glycemic Index
A measure of how quickly foods raise blood sugar levels.
Glycogen
Glycogen is a stored form of carbohydrate in the body that provides energy.
Glymphatic System
A waste clearance system in the brain that works mainly during sleep.
Gout
A type of arthritis caused by uric acid crystals in the joints.
Government Oversight
The role of government agencies in regulating health matters.
Grapefruit
A citrus fruit known for its tangy flavor and potential effects on certain medications.
Gray Matter
Gray matter is brain tissue made up of neuronal cell bodies that processes information.
Green Spaces
Areas with plants and trees that promote health and well-being.
Green Tea Extract
A supplement made from concentrated green tea that may lower LDL cholesterol levels.
Grief
The emotional response to loss, often linked to shared experiences of death.
Grip Strength
Grip strength measures the force of hand clenching and reflects overall health.
Growth Mindset
The belief that abilities can be developed through dedication and hard work.
Guidelines
Guidelines are recommendations for best practices in health care and treatment.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
A rare disorder where the immune system attacks the nerves, causing weakness and paralysis.
Gut Barrier
The gut barrier is the intestinal lining that controls what enters the bloodstream.
Gut Health
Gut health refers to the balance of bacteria and functions in the digestive system.
Gut Microbiome
The gut microbiome is a community of microbes living in the digestive system.
Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT)
GALT is a part of the immune system located in the gut that helps defend against infections.
Gut-Brain Axis
The gut-brain axis is the communication system between the gut and the brain.
Gynecomastia
Gynecomastia is the enlargement of breast tissue in men due to hormonal changes or other factors.
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
A bacterium that can cause serious infections like meningitis, especially in young children.
Hammer Strength Chest Press Machine
A weight machine designed to strengthen and build chest muscles.
Hammer Strength Pec Deck
A fitness machine designed to strengthen and isolate the chest muscles.
Hamstring Stretch
A stretch targeting the hamstrings to improve flexibility and prevent injuries.
HbA1c
A blood test that shows average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months.
HDL
HDL stands for high-density lipoprotein and is known as 'good' cholesterol.
HDL (high-density lipoprotein)
HDL is known as 'good' cholesterol that helps transport cholesterol in the bloodstream.
HDL cholesterol
HDL cholesterol is known as 'good cholesterol' that helps remove other types of cholesterol from the bloodstream.
Health Influencers
Individuals who promote health messages, often affecting public understanding of health topics.
Health Literacy
The ability to understand and use basic health information for better decision-making.
Health Markers
Biological indicators that reflect a person's health status through tests like blood work.
Health Outcomes
The results of health interventions and lifestyle choices on well-being.
Health Risks
Potential negative outcomes linked to certain lifestyle choices or health interventions.
Health Span
The period of life spent in good health, not just the total lifespan.
Health Systems Stress Test
A method to assess how trade policies affect healthcare systems.
Healthcare Communication
The way health information is shared with the public to build trust and understanding.
Healthcare Delivery
The systems and processes that provide health services to patients.
Healthcare Professionals
Individuals trained to provide medical services and advice to patients.
Healthcare Provider
A healthcare provider is a trained professional who offers medical care and advice.
Healthcare System
An organized system for providing medical services and care to individuals.
Healthspan
The period of life spent in good health, free from serious illness.
Healthy Fats
Healthy fats are types of fats that support overall health and brain function.
Healthy Method
A sustainable and responsible way to lose weight and improve health.
Heart Attack
A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle.
Heart Disease
Heart disease is a group of conditions affecting the heart's ability to function properly.
Heart Failure
A condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
Heart Health
Heart health refers to the overall condition and function of the heart and blood vessels.
Heart Rate
The number of heartbeats in one minute, indicating heart activity.
Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
The variation in time between heartbeats, reflecting recovery and stress balance.
Heart Valves
Heart valves are structures that control blood flow direction in the heart.
Heavy Metals
Toxic metals like lead, mercury, and cadmium that can harm health.
Heavy Resistance Training
A type of strength training that involves lifting heavy weights to build muscle strength.
Hematocrit
Hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in your blood.
Hemoglobin A1c
A blood test that shows average blood sugar levels over the past 2 to 3 months.
Hemorrhoids
Swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus that can cause pain and discomfort.
HEPA filters
High-efficiency filters that trap tiny particles to improve air quality.
Hepatitis B
A viral infection that affects the liver and spreads through blood and body fluids.
Herbivory
Herbivory is the act of eating plants.
High Blood Pressure
A condition where the force of blood against artery walls is too high.
High Blood Sugar
A condition where blood glucose levels are higher than normal, often linked to diabetes.
High Fever
A high fever is a body temperature above 100.4°F (38°C), often indicating infection or illness.
High Fructose Corn Syrup
A sweetener made from corn, often used in processed foods and drinks.
High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS)
A sweetener from corn linked to health issues and found in many processed foods.
High Intensity
High intensity refers to workouts that require vigorous effort and exertion.
High-Dose Supplements
Supplements containing concentrated nutrients in higher amounts than found in food.
High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)
HIIT is a workout strategy with short bursts of intense activity followed by rest or low-intensity periods.
High-Intensity Intervals
A training method with bursts of intense activity followed by rest or lower intensity.
High-Protein
Foods that contain a lot of protein, which is essential for building muscles.
High-Skill Movements
Exercises needing coordination and skill, often risky when tired.
Higher Resting Heart Rate
An elevated heart rate while at rest, indicating stress or insufficient recovery.
Hip Abduction
The movement of the leg away from the body, important for hip health.
Hip Adduction
Hip adduction is the movement of the leg towards the body.
Hip Fracture
A break in the upper part of the thigh bone near the hip joint.
HIV/AIDS
HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, leading to AIDS, a condition that makes it hard to fight infections.
Holistic Approach
A method that considers the whole person and multiple factors in health management.
Holistic Healthcare Model
An approach that looks at the whole person, including their physical, mental, and social health.
Home Glucose Monitoring
Checking blood sugar levels at home to manage diabetes and kidney health.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the body's ability to keep internal conditions stable.
Hormonal Balance
The state of having optimal levels of hormones in the body.
Hormonal Impact
The effect hormones have on various bodily functions and responses.
Hormonal Rhythms
Patterns of hormone release influenced by sleep and other factors that affect bodily functions.
Hormone Regulation
The process of balancing hormones that control various body functions.
Hospitalization Risk
The chance of needing to stay in a hospital for medical care.
Household Transmission
The spread of infections like hepatitis B within a home through close contact or shared items.
HRV
HRV stands for heart rate variability, the time difference between heartbeats.
HRV (Heart Rate Variability)
The variation in time between heartbeats, indicating stress and recovery levels.
Human Growth Hormone
A hormone important for growth and energy metabolism in the body.
Hydration
Hydration is the process of providing your body with adequate water to function properly.
Hygiene
Hygiene refers to practices that help maintain health and prevent disease.
Hygiene Hypothesis
The idea that exposure to germs early in life can strengthen the immune system.
Hyperactivity
A condition marked by excessive movement and impulsive behavior, often seen in children.
Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia is a condition of elevated blood glucose levels, often linked to diabetes.
Hyperinsulinemia
Hyperinsulinemia is a condition of chronically high insulin levels in the blood.
Hypertension
A condition marked by high blood pressure in the arteries.
Hypertrophy
Hypertrophy is the increase in muscle size through targeted exercises.
Hypoglycemia
A condition of low blood sugar that can occur with insulin use.
Hypothyroidism
A condition where the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormones.
Immobility
The inability to move, which can lead to muscle and cognitive decline.
Immune Activation
The immune system's response to perceived threats in the body.
Immune Cell Metabolism
The way immune cells use nutrients and energy for their functions.
Immune Cell Recruitment
The process of attracting immune cells to areas of inflammation or injury.
Immune Damage
Harm to the immune system that reduces its ability to fight infections.
Immune Function
The body's ability to fight off infections and illnesses.
Immune Health
The state of how well the immune system works to protect the body.
Immune Memory
The ability of the immune system to remember and respond to previous infections.
Immune Response
The body's reaction to harmful substances to protect against disease.
Immune System
The body's defense system against infections and diseases.
Immune System Burned Out
A weakened immune response from repeated vaccinations, especially spike-protein-based ones.
Immune System Burnout
A reduction in immune response effectiveness due to repeated vaccinations.
Immune System Exhaustion
A state where the immune system becomes less effective from repeated exposure to antigens.
Immune System Suppression
A condition where the immune system's ability to fight infections is reduced.
Immune Systems
The body's defense network against infections and diseases.
Immune Systems Burned Out
A weakened immune response due to repeated vaccinations, especially with spike-protein-based vaccines.
Immunity
The body's ability to resist infections and diseases.
Immunocompromised
A state where the immune system is weakened, raising infection risks.
Immunology
The study of the immune system and how it responds to infections and vaccines.
Immunosuppressant
A substance that weakens the immune system, often used in organ transplant patients.
Impact Exercise
A type of physical activity involving high-impact movements that support bone health.
Impact Loading
The application of force to bones that helps them grow stronger.
Inactivity
A lifestyle with low levels of physical activity that can lead to health problems.
Indoor Air Pollution
Pollutants in indoor spaces that can harm health.
Infant Mortality
The death of infants within the first year of life.
Infected Children
Children who have contracted a disease, like hepatitis B.
Infection
Infection is when harmful germs invade the body and multiply.
Inflammation
A natural process that helps heal and protect the body but can cause problems when it becomes long-lasting.
Inflammation Control
Management of inflammation to support muscle recovery and overall health.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
A group of disorders causing long-term inflammation in the digestive tract.
Inflammatory Cytokines
Proteins that signal inflammation in the body and are monitored by researchers.
Inflammatory Disease
A condition that causes inflammation in tissues and can affect overall health.
Inflammatory Markers
Substances in the blood that show inflammation levels in the body.
Inflammatory Signaling Pathways
Biological routes that control and mediate inflammation in the body.
Inflammatory Stress
A response from the immune system that can worsen with age and diet.
Influenza-like Illness
An illness with symptoms similar to the flu, often caused by various viruses.
Influenza-like Illnesses
Conditions with symptoms that resemble the flu, often leading to hospitalizations.
Informed Consent
A process where patients agree to a treatment after understanding its risks and benefits.
Infrared Light
A type of light that is not visible to the human eye but can affect body processes.
Injuries
Physical damage to the body caused by accidents or overexertion.
Injury Prevention
Strategies to reduce the risk of injuries during physical activity.
Injury Risk
The chance of getting hurt due to various factors, like impaired coordination.
Inoculations
The act of giving a vaccine to help the body build immunity.
Insomnia
Insomnia is a disorder characterized by difficulty in sleeping.
Insulin
A hormone from the pancreas that helps control blood sugar levels.
Insulin Resistance
Insulin resistance is when the body's cells don't respond well to insulin.
Insulin Sensitivity
The degree to which cells respond to insulin to control blood sugar levels.
Insulin Spikes
Rapid increases in insulin levels after eating high-sugar foods.
Intensity
The strength of a psychedelic experience, especially regarding a specific dose of psilocybin.
Inter Observer Reliability
The consistency of scores from different testers assessing the same person.
Intermittent Fasting
An eating pattern that alternates between periods of eating and fasting.
Interstitial Fluid
A type of fluid found between cells that helps in nutrient exchange and waste removal.
Interventions
Actions or strategies used to improve health outcomes or biological age.
Intestinal Permeability
A condition where the gut barrier allows unwanted substances to pass through.
Intramuscular Injections
A method of delivering medication directly into a muscle.
Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) Therapy
A treatment using antibodies from healthy donors to help the immune system.
Irritability
A state of increased sensitivity or annoyance often linked to stress and mental fatigue.
Irritated Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids that are swollen and painful, often causing discomfort during bowel movements.
Joint
A joint is the area where two bones meet in the body.
Joint Angles
The specific positions of joints during movement or exercises.
Joint Health
The condition and functioning of the joints in the body.
Joint Issues
Problems affecting the joints, which connect bones in the body.
Joint Pain
Discomfort in the joints often influenced by inflammation and diet.
Joint Tolerance
The ability of joints to handle stress without injury over time.
Joint-Focused Pain
Sharp or sudden pain localized to joints, often indicating an injury.
Joints
Joints are the areas where two or more bones meet in the body.
Jump Training
A type of exercise that uses jumping to boost bone health and strength.
Kefir
Kefir is a fermented milk drink rich in probiotics and beneficial microbes.
Kefir Grains
Kefir grains are clusters of microbes used to ferment milk into kefir.
Ketogenic
A diet that drastically lowers carbs to help the body burn fat for energy.
Kidney Disease
A condition that affects how well the kidneys function and can worsen with high sodium intake.
Kidney Filtration
The process by which kidneys filter blood to remove waste and excess substances.
Kidney Function
Kidney function refers to how well the kidneys filter waste from the blood.
Kidney Stone
A solid mass of crystals that forms in the kidneys, often causing severe pain.
Kidney Stones
Hard mineral and salt deposits that form in the kidneys.
Kinetic Chain
The concept that body segments are connected, so movement in one area affects others.
Knee Extension
Knee extension is the movement that straightens the knee joint.
Kratom
A tropical tree known for its stimulant and pain-relieving properties.
Lactic Acid Producing Bacteria
Bacteria that create lactic acid during fermentation, important for foods like kefir.
Lactose
Lactose is a sugar found in milk and dairy products.
Lactose Intolerance
A condition where the body cannot digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products.
Latent Viruses
Viruses that stay inactive in the body but can become active again later.
LDL
LDL stands for low-density lipoprotein, known as 'bad' cholesterol.
LDL (low-density lipoprotein)
LDL is known as 'bad' cholesterol, linked to higher heart disease risk.
LDL cholesterol
A type of cholesterol known as 'bad' cholesterol that can raise heart disease risk.
LDL Oxidation
The process where LDL particles are modified, leading to immune response and plaque formation.
LDL Oxidation or Modification
The process where LDL particles are altered, triggering immune response and plaque buildup.
LDL-C
LDL-C stands for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, known as 'bad' cholesterol.
Lean Mass
Lean mass is the weight of all body tissues except fat, including muscles and organs.
Lean Mass Gains
Increases in muscle mass without gaining much fat, often through exercise and nutrition.
Lean Mass Hyper-Responder
A person who shows high lipid levels on low-carb diets despite having low body fat.
Lean Mass Loss
Reduction of muscle mass, often due to low energy availability.
Leg Strength
Muscle power and stability in the legs, essential for balance and preventing falls.
Leptin
A hormone from fat cells that helps control hunger and energy balance.
Leptin Resistance
A condition where the brain does not respond effectively to leptin, affecting hunger and energy regulation.
Libido
Libido is the term for sexual desire or interest in sexual activity.
Licorice Root
Licorice root is a natural supplement derived from the Glycyrrhiza glabra plant.
Lifespan
The length of time a person or thing lives or functions.
Lifestyle Changes
Modifications to daily habits that promote better health and well-being.
Lifestyle Choices
Decisions made by individuals that impact their health and well-being.
Lifestyle Factors
Elements like diet and exercise that affect overall health and well-being.
Lifestyle Interventions
Strategies to improve health by changing diet and increasing physical activity.
Lifestyle Modification
Changes in daily habits aimed at improving health outcomes.
Lifestyle Modifications
Changes in daily habits to improve health and manage conditions.
Light Exposure
The effect of natural or artificial light on our body’s daily rhythms and hormones.
Lipid Levels
The amount of fats in the blood that can affect heart health.
Lipid Panel
A blood test that measures cholesterol and fat levels in the blood.
Lipids
Lipids are fats in the body that impact health, especially heart health.
Lipogenesis
Lipogenesis is the process of creating and storing fat in the body, mainly influenced by insulin.
Lipolysis
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
Lipoproteins
Molecules that transport cholesterol in the bloodstream.
Liver
The liver is an organ that helps manage blood sugar and other important functions in the body.
Liver Cancer
A type of cancer that begins in the liver, often linked to chronic hepatitis B infection.
Liver Fat
Fat that builds up inside the liver, often linked to health issues.
Liver Function
Liver function refers to how well the liver works to process substances in the body.
Loading Demands
The amount of weight and stress on muscles and joints during exercise.
Loneliness
Loneliness is a feeling of sadness caused by being alone or feeling disconnected from others.
Long Sleep
Long sleep is defined as sleeping more than nine hours per night.
Longevity
Longevity is the length of time a person lives or is expected to live.
Low Energy Availability
Not having enough nutrition to support body functions and exercise demands.
Low Mood
A state of feeling sad or down, often influenced by stress and relationships.
Low Testosterone
A condition where the body produces less testosterone than normal.
Low-Trauma Osteoporotic Fracture
A fracture from a low-impact event like falling from standing height.
Lower HRV
Lower heart rate variability (HRV) indicates less fluctuation in time between heartbeats.
Lower-Mercury Options
Types of fish with less mercury, recommended for safer consumption.
Lycopene
A natural compound in tomatoes that helps reduce inflammation in the body.
Lymph
A fluid with white blood cells that helps transport waste and fight infections in the body.
Lymphatic Drainage
The process of moving lymph fluid through the lymphatic system.
Lymphatic Flow
The movement of lymph fluid that helps with immune function and waste removal.
Lymphatic Massage
A gentle massage technique to help improve lymph flow in the body.
Lymphatic System
The lymphatic system helps maintain fluid balance and filters toxins from the body.
Macro Anchors
Key macronutrients that serve as the foundation for meal planning.
Macronutrient
Nutrients required in large amounts for energy and bodily functions.
Macronutrient Breakdown
The distribution of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in a diet.
Macronutrient Intake
The types of nutrients consumed, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Macronutrients
Nutrients required in larger amounts, including proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
Magnesium
A mineral important for many functions in the body, including muscle and nerve operations.
Maintenance Calories
The number of calories needed to keep your weight stable without gaining or losing fat.
Major Osteoporotic Fracture
A type of fracture that includes hip, spine, wrist, or shoulder breaks due to weakened bones.
Male Menopause
A condition in men marked by declining testosterone levels, causing various symptoms.
Max-Effort Working Sets
Sets performed at maximum intensity to promote muscle growth.
Measurable
Measurable refers to the ability to quantify or assess something using specific methods.
Medical Device Parts
Components used to make medical devices for healthcare applications.
Medical Supplies
Essential items like gloves, masks, and syringes used in healthcare.
Medication
A substance used to treat, prevent, or diagnose a health condition.
Medication Interactions
Medication interactions occur when one substance affects the effectiveness or safety of another.
Medication Safety
The careful use of medications to avoid harmful effects and ensure effectiveness.
Medicine 3.0
A new approach to healthcare that emphasizes personalized treatment based on individual risks.
Meditation
A practice that involves focusing the mind to improve mental health and reduce anxiety and depression.
Mediterranean-style eating patterns
A diet rich in plant foods, seafood, and healthy fats like olive oil.
Melanopsin
A photopigment in the eyes that helps regulate circadian rhythms.
Melatonin
A hormone that helps control sleep-wake cycles in the body.
Memory Consolidation
The process of stabilizing new information in the brain during sleep.
Memory Loss
The inability to remember information or experiences, often related to brain function.
Meningitis
Meningitis is the inflammation of the protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord.
Menstrual Cycle Dysfunction
Irregularities in the menstrual cycle often linked to energy availability.
Mental Clarity
The ability to think clearly and focus effectively.
Mental Health
Mental health refers to our emotional and psychological well-being.
Mental Health Disorders
Conditions that affect mood, thinking, and behavior.
Mental Health Risk
The chance of developing mental health issues due to various stressors or factors.
Mental Health Symptoms
Signs that indicate a person's mental health may be affected.
Mental Illness
A mental health condition that affects thinking, feeling, and behavior.
Mercury
A heavy metal found in some fish that can be harmful to health.
MERV
MERV stands for Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value, a rating for air filter effectiveness.
MERV 13
A rating for air filters that shows how well they capture airborne particles.
MERV 8
MERV 8 is an air filter rating that captures some airborne particles but less effectively than higher-rated filters.
MERV filter
A MERV filter is an air filter rated for its ability to capture particles in the air.
Meta-analyses
Studies that combine data from multiple research studies for broader conclusions.
Meta-Analysis
A study that combines data from multiple research studies to draw conclusions.
Metabolic
Relating to the chemical processes that occur in living organisms.
Metabolic Disorders
Conditions that affect the body's ability to convert food into energy.
Metabolic Disruptions
Changes in the body's normal metabolic processes that can lead to health issues.
Metabolic Dysfunction
A condition where the body's normal metabolic processes are impaired, leading to health issues.
Metabolic Flexibility
The body's ability to switch between using fats and carbohydrates for energy.
Metabolic Health
The state of the body's metabolic processes, including blood sugar regulation.
Metabolic Individuality
Nutritional needs vary greatly among individuals based on their unique metabolism.
Metabolic Issues
Problems that affect how the body converts food into energy.
Metabolic Strain
The stress placed on the body's metabolism, often due to poor diet and lifestyle choices.
Metabolic Support
The body's processes that maintain energy balance and health, often related to sleep duration.
Metabolic Syndrome
A group of conditions that raise the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
Metabolic Trouble
Health issues related to abnormal fat storage and metabolism.
Metabolic Waste
Byproducts of metabolism that the body needs to remove for proper function.
Metabolically Fit
A state of health indicating good metabolic function and balance in the body.
Metabolism
Metabolism is how your body converts food into energy.
Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Advanced prostate cancer that has spread to other parts of the body.
Metformin
A medication used to help manage blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes.
Microbiome
The microbiome is the collection of all microorganisms living in and on the human body.
Micronutrients
Vitamins and minerals that support key bodily functions like metabolism and recovery.
Microplastics
Tiny plastic particles that can be harmful when ingested or inhaled.
Microvascular Injury
Damage to tiny blood vessels, often seen early in kidney disease.
Milk Solids
Milk solids are the components of milk that remain after water is removed.
Mindfulness
A mental practice that encourages relaxation and awareness of the present moment.
Minerals
Inorganic substances essential for various bodily functions, often found in foods and supplements.
Mirror Neurons
Neurons that activate during both action and observation, aiding learning and empathy.
Misconceptions
Common misunderstandings or false beliefs about a topic, such as health or medicine.
Misinformation
False or misleading information that affects public health and trust in healthcare.
Mitochondria
Mitochondria are cell structures that produce energy for the body.
Mitochondrial Function
Mitochondrial function refers to how well mitochondria produce energy in cells.
Mitochondrial Health
The function and performance of mitochondria, the cell's energy hubs.
Mitragyna speciosa
Mitragyna speciosa, also known as kratom, is a plant with psychoactive effects.
Mixed Messaging
Communication that includes conflicting information, leading to public confusion.
MMR vaccine
A vaccine that protects against measles, mumps, and rubella.
Mobility
The ability to move freely and easily, evaluated by tests like the Time to Up and Go Test.
Moderate Effort
A manageable level of exercise intensity that is safe after poor sleep.
Moderation
Moderation means consuming food in balanced amounts, avoiding excess.
Modifiable
Factors that can be changed or influenced to improve health outcomes.
Modifiable Factors
Risk factors that can be changed or influenced, like lifestyle choices.
Momentum
The force that affects how work is shared during resistance exercise.
Monounsaturated Fats
Healthy fats found in foods like olive oil that support heart health.
Monounsaturated Fats (MUFAs)
Healthy fats found in foods like olive oil and avocados that can improve cholesterol levels.
Mood Changes
Alterations in emotional state that can occur during overtraining or lack of recovery.
Mood Disorders
Mood disorders are mental health conditions that affect a person's emotional state.
More Than Nine Hours
Sleeping more than nine hours per night can be linked to health issues.
Mortality
Mortality is the state of being subject to death.
Mortality Report
A mortality report provides official statistics on causes of death in a population.
Mortality Risk
The chance of death linked to certain health conditions or factors.
Motor Neurons
Motor neurons are nerve cells that send signals from the brain to muscles and organs.
Movement
The act of changing physical position or location of the body.
mTOR pathway
A key process in the body that helps build muscle after exercise.
mTORC1
mTORC1 is a protein complex that regulates cell growth and metabolism.
mTORC2
mTORC2 is a protein complex that helps regulate cell growth and metabolism.
Mucus Barrier
A protective layer in the gut that keeps microbes away from intestinal cells.
Multiparametric MRI
An advanced imaging test used to assess prostate health by measuring multiple parameters.
Multivitamin
A supplement that provides various vitamins and minerals to support health.
Multivitamins
Supplements that provide a combination of vitamins and minerals.
Muscle
Muscle is a type of tissue in the body that allows for movement and strength.
Muscle Activation
The process of muscles contracting and being used during physical activity.
Muscle Anatomy
The study of the structure and function of muscles in the body.
Muscle Atrophy
Muscle atrophy is the loss of muscle mass due to inactivity or other factors.
Muscle Engagement
The activation of specific muscles during exercises for effective technique and results.
Muscle Fatigue
The point at which muscles can no longer sustain the effort.
Muscle Fibers
Muscle fibers are the basic units of muscle tissue used for movement.
Muscle Growth
The process of increasing muscle mass through training and exercise.
Muscle Health
The condition and function of muscles in the body, affecting strength and performance.
Muscle Hypertrophy
Muscle hypertrophy is the increase in muscle size from resistance training and nutrition.
Muscle Isolation
Focusing on specific muscle groups during strength training exercises.
Muscle Lab
A gym that mimics a research facility, focusing on training variables for better fitness outcomes.
Muscle Loss
Muscle loss is the decrease of muscle mass, often seen with aging or inactivity.
Muscle Mass
The amount of muscle tissue in the body, important for health and longevity.
Muscle Protein Synthesis
The process by which the body builds new muscle proteins.
Muscle Regeneration
The process of repairing and rebuilding muscle tissue after injury or stress.
Muscle Soreness
A feeling of discomfort in muscles after exercise or physical activity.
Muscle Synthesis
The process of building muscle through the use of protein and exercise.
Muscle Tension
The force muscles create when they contract, important for strength training.
Muscle Thickness
A measurement used to assess the size and growth of muscles.
Muscle Tissue
Muscle tissue is a type of tissue in the body that enables movement and supports various functions.
Muscle Wasting
Muscle wasting is the loss of muscle mass, often linked to illness or inactivity.
Muscle Weakness
A noticeable reduction in strength or endurance in the muscles.
Muscle-Strengthening Activities
Exercises that build muscle mass and improve overall strength.
Muscular Failure
The point when a muscle cannot perform a repetition with good form due to fatigue.
Muscular Fatigue
A state where muscles are tired and cannot work well during activity.
Musculoskeletal Condition
A disorder affecting the muscles, bones, and joints, impacting physical activity.
Myelin Sheath
A protective covering of nerves that helps speed up nerve signal transmission.
Myostatin
A protein that limits muscle growth and is influenced by vitamin D levels.
Myosteatosis
Myosteatosis is a condition where fat builds up inside muscle fibers.
Nasal Rinse
A nasal rinse is a product used to clear the sinuses and nasal passages.
Nasal Saline
A saltwater solution used to rinse and clear nasal passages.
National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)
A program that educates the public about cholesterol and its health effects.
Natty Line
A standard used to judge if a physique is natural or enhanced by substances.
Natural Immunity
Immunity gained when the body fights off an infection on its own.
Natural Killer (NK) Cells
NK cells are immune cells that help the body fight cancer and infections.
Natural Killer Cells
Natural killer cells are immune cells that help fight infections and cancer.
Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells)
NK cells are immune cells that help the body fight cancer and infections.
Natural Muscle Growth
Muscle development achieved without performance-enhancing drugs like steroids.
Natural Remedy
A natural remedy is a treatment made from plants or other natural substances to relieve symptoms.
Natural Sweeteners
Natural sweeteners are healthier alternatives to sugar found in various foods and drinks.
Nausea
A feeling of discomfort in the stomach that often leads to the urge to vomit.
Nephrologist
A doctor who specializes in kidney health and diseases.
Nerve Irritation
Nerve irritation is discomfort caused by pressure or damage to nerves, leading to pain or tingling.
Nervous System
The body system that controls and coordinates actions and reactions.
Nervous System Activation
The body's response that prepares it to react to stress or danger.
Neuroinflammation
Neuroinflammation is the inflammation of the nervous system that impacts coordination and muscle signaling.
Neurological Symptoms
Signs of nerve problems, such as numbness or weakness, affecting the body's functions.
Neurology
The study of the nervous system and its impact on behavior and emotions.
Neuromuscular
Related to the interactions between nerves and muscles, essential for movement and stability.
Neuromuscular Connections
Links between nerves and muscles that are crucial for movement and coordination.
Neuromuscular Pathways
These are the routes through which signals travel between nerves and muscles.
Neuromuscular Timing
The coordination between the nervous system and muscles for balance and movement.
Neuroplasticity
The brain's ability to change and adapt based on experiences and learning.
Neurotransmitter
A chemical messenger that transmits signals between nerve cells in the brain and body.
Neurotrophic Factors
Proteins that help neurons grow and survive, important for brain and muscle function.
Newbie Gainers
New lifters who can build muscle and lose fat at the same time.
Nightshade Vegetables
A group of vegetables, like tomatoes and peppers, that some people may react to poorly.
Nighttime Cough Relief
Methods to soothe cough symptoms at night, especially in children over age 1.
NIH
The National Institutes of Health is the U.S. government's main agency for health research.
Nitrates
Nitrates are compounds in some vegetables that turn into nitric oxide, which helps widen blood vessels.
Nitric Oxide
A gas made in the body that helps widen blood vessels and may lower blood pressure.
Nitrogen Fertilization
The application of nitrogen to crops to enhance growth and yield.
NK cells
Natural killer cells that help the body fight infections and cancer.
Nocturnal Glucose Production
The liver's release of glucose into the bloodstream during sleep.
Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)
NEAT includes all physical activities done outside structured exercise.
Non-Pharmacological Intervention
Treatment methods that do not involve medication, like exercise or therapy.
Non-Starchy Vegetables
Vegetables low in carbohydrates that help control blood sugar levels.
Normal Weight
A BMI category for individuals with a BMI between 18.5 and 25.
NOVA system
A classification system for ultra-processed foods based on their ingredients and processing level.
Nutrient
Nutrients are substances in food that provide essential nourishment for health.
Nutrient Deficiencies
A lack of essential nutrients in the diet that can lead to health problems.
Nutrient Density
Nutrient density measures essential nutrients in food compared to its calories.
Nutrient Density Signals
Signals to the brain about nutrients and energy after exercise.
Nutrient Patterns
Trends in the nutritional content of foods that affect health over time.
Nutrient-Dense
Foods that provide a lot of nutrients for relatively few calories.
Nutrition
Nutrition is the process of obtaining food needed for health and growth.
Nutrition Information
Data about the nutrients in food, helping people make healthier choices.
Nutritional Choices
Decisions about food that affect health and well-being.
Nutritional Deficiency
A condition caused by a lack of essential nutrients in the diet.
Nutritional Ketosis
A metabolic state where the body uses fat for energy instead of carbs.
Nutritional Supplements
Products taken to add nutrients to your diet and support health.
Obesity
Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive body fat.
Obesity Class 1
A BMI category for individuals with a BMI between 30 and 35.
Obesity Class 2
A BMI category for individuals with a BMI between 35 and 40, indicating higher health risks.
Obesity Class 3
A BMI category for individuals with a body mass index over 40, linked to severe health risks.
Observational Research
A study method that observes subjects without manipulating variables.
Observational Studies
Research studies that watch outcomes without changing any variables.
Oleocanthal
A compound in extra virgin olive oil with anti-inflammatory effects like ibuprofen.
Olfactory Distraction
A technique using strong smells to help reduce nausea and redirect attention.
Omega 3
Omega 3 are essential fatty acids crucial for brain health and overall well-being.
Omega Fatty Acids
Essential fats needed for health, including omega-3 and omega-6 types.
Omega-3 Fats
Healthy fats known for reducing inflammation and supporting joint health.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Essential fats found in fatty fish that help reduce inflammation.
Omega-6 Fats
Omega-6 fats are essential fatty acids found in various foods that are important for health.
Omega-6 Fatty Acids
A type of fat that can promote inflammation when eaten in large amounts.
One Meal a Day (OMAD)
A dietary approach where a person eats all daily calories in one meal, usually dinner.
Operative Time
The length of time a surgical procedure takes to complete.
Opioid Receptors
Proteins in the brain that help control pain and feelings of pleasure.
Orthopedic Services
Medical care focused on treating injuries and conditions of bones and joints.
Osteopenia
A condition with lower than normal bone density, increasing the risk of osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis
A condition that causes bones to become weak and brittle.
Outcomes
Outcomes are the results or effects measured in health studies.
Over-the-Counter (OTC)
Products available without a prescription, like medications and supplements.
Overconsume
To eat or drink more than is necessary or healthy, especially certain foods.
Overhead Loading
A training technique involving lifting weights with arms raised to target upper traps.
Overhydration
A condition from drinking too much water, which dilutes body electrolytes.
Overtraining Syndrome
A condition caused by excessive training, leading to decreased performance and various physical symptoms.
Overweight
A condition where a person has a BMI between 25 and 30, often linked to health issues.
Oxalates
Oxalates are compounds in foods that can affect nutrient absorption and health.
Oxidation
A chemical process that can cause inflammation and affect health.
Oxidative Stress
A condition caused by an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body.
Oxidized LDL
Modified low-density lipoprotein that can trigger inflammation and plaque buildup in arteries.
Oxytocin
A hormone that strengthens emotional bonds, especially through social interactions.
Pain
A physical sensation that signals discomfort or distress in the body.
Pain Management
The process of providing care to reduce or relieve pain.
Pain-Free Range
The range of motion in which a joint can move without pain.
Palpitations
Palpitations are the feeling of one's heart beating, often rapidly or irregularly.
Pancreatic Cancer
A type of cancer that starts in the pancreas, an important organ for digestion and blood sugar control.
Parasympathetic Activity
A part of the nervous system that helps the body relax and recover.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Part of the autonomic nervous system that controls 'rest and digest' functions.
Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
Fine air pollutants that can enter the lungs and affect health.
Pasteurization
A process of heating food to kill harmful bacteria and pathogens.
Pathogens
Pathogens are harmful microorganisms that can cause illness and disease.
Patience
The ability to wait calmly for progress in strength and muscle gains.
Peer-Reviewed
Studies evaluated by experts before publication for quality and accuracy.
Pelvic Floor Symptoms
Problems related to the muscles and tissues in the pelvic area.
Pelvic Floor Therapy
A treatment for urinary and bowel problems caused by pelvic floor dysfunction.
Pendulum Squat
A pendulum squat is a lower body exercise using equipment for better stability and muscle targeting.
Performance Decline
A decrease in physical capabilities often due to overtraining or poor recovery.
Performance Drops
A decline in physical ability that can signal overtraining or functional overreaching.
Performance Enhancer
Substances used to improve athletic performance, often linked to steroids.
Performance-Enhancing Drugs
Substances used to improve physical performance, often linked to steroids.
Peristalsis
Wave-like muscle contractions that move food and stool through the digestive tract.
Persistent Fatigue
Ongoing tiredness that may signal overtraining or other health issues.
Personal Best
A personal best is an individual's highest performance in a specific activity.
Personal Lubricant
A gel or cream that helps reduce friction during sexual activity.
Personalized Care
Tailoring healthcare to fit individual patient needs and preferences.
Personalized Healthcare
An approach that customizes medical treatment based on individual traits and preferences.
Personalized Medicine
An approach that tailors healthcare based on individual health data and needs.
PFAS
PFAS are man-made chemicals that do not break down easily in the environment.
Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Raw materials used to make medications and drugs.
Pharmaceuticals
Medications made from various ingredients to treat health conditions.
Photosynthesis
The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy using chlorophyll.
Physical Therapist
A qualified clinician who guides patients in exercise and rehabilitation, especially for pain relief.
Physiological Arousal
The state of being alert, affecting heart rate and sleep quality.
Phytosterols
Plant-based compounds similar to cholesterol that can help lower LDL levels.
Piperine
A compound in black pepper that improves the absorption of curcumin.
Placebo Effect
The improvement in symptoms from a treatment due to expectations, not the treatment itself.
Placebo-Controlled Trial
A study where one group receives a placebo to compare its effects with a treatment group.
Placebo-Controlled Trials
Trials that compare a new treatment to a placebo to test its effectiveness.
Plant-Based
A diet mainly made up of plants like vegetables, fruits, legumes, and whole grains.
Plant-Based Protein
Protein derived from plants, used for muscle building and recovery.
Plasma
The liquid part of blood that carries cells and nutrients throughout the body.
Plasma Exchange
A treatment that removes harmful antibodies from the blood.
Plate Method
A visual strategy for portion control and balanced food selection on a plate.
Platelet Aggregation
The clumping together of platelets in the blood, important for forming clots.
PM2.5
PM2.5 are tiny particles in the air that are 2.5 micrometers or smaller.
Political Gridlock
A situation where disagreements prevent progress in healthcare reforms.
Polyunsaturated Fats (PUFAs)
Healthy fats that can lower bad cholesterol, found in foods like salmon and walnuts.
Pomodoro Technique
A time management method using focused work sessions followed by short breaks.
Poor Metabolic Health
A state of health marked by problems with the body's metabolism.
Portion Control
Portion control means managing the amount of food you eat at one time.
Portion Restraint
Portion restraint is controlling how much food you eat in one sitting.
Post-Market Surveillance
Monitoring of approved vaccines to track and analyze potential side effects.
Post-Meal Glucose
The level of glucose in the blood after eating.
Post-operative Nausea
Nausea that occurs after surgery, often requiring management techniques.
Post-Workout
Meals or supplements consumed after exercise to aid recovery.
Post-Workout Fueling
Eating food after exercise to help recovery and restore energy levels.
Posterior Chain
A group of muscles in the back of the body that supports balanced muscle development.
Postmarket Surveillance
Monitoring the safety of approved vaccines and drugs after they are available to the public.
Postvaccination Syndrome
A collection of symptoms experienced after vaccination, like fatigue and brain fog.
Potassium
An essential electrolyte that helps regulate blood pressure and supports heart health.
Potency
The strength or effectiveness of a substance, which can vary between products.
Prayer
A personal religious practice that can help improve well-being and cope with stress.
Pre-diabetes
A health condition indicating higher risk of developing diabetes due to elevated blood sugar levels.
Pre-Workout
Meals or supplements taken before exercise to boost performance.
Pre-Workout Fuel
Foods eaten before exercise to give energy and help performance.
Precautionary Principle
A strategy to reduce health risks when evidence is uncertain.
Precision
Precision refers to the accuracy and specificity of health measurements and interventions.
Prediabetes
A condition with higher-than-normal blood sugar levels, raising diabetes risk.
Prefrontal Cortex
A part of the brain that helps with complex thinking and decision-making.
Premature Death
The loss of life before the average age of death in a population.
Preprint
A preprint is a draft of a scientific paper before it is peer-reviewed and published.
Preservative-Free
Products that do not contain preservatives, often gentler on the body.
Preservative-Free Artificial Tears
Eye drops without preservatives used to relieve dry eye symptoms.
Preventable Fractures
Bone breaks that can be avoided through proper precautions and footwear choices.
Preventive Care
Healthcare practices aimed at preventing diseases rather than treating them.
Preventive Measures
Actions taken to reduce the risk of health problems, like those related to sugar consumption.
Prime Chest-Supported Machine Row
A weight machine that targets back muscles while supporting the chest for stability.
Prime Leg Extension
A machine exercise targeting the quadriceps to improve leg strength.
Pro-inflammatory
A term describing substances or patterns that promote inflammation in the body.
Probiotics
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that help support digestion and overall health.
Processed Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates that are altered from their natural state and often lead to quick energy spikes.
Processed Food
Food altered from its original form, often with added sugars, sodium, and unhealthy fats.
Processed Foods
Foods that have been changed from their original form, often with added ingredients.
Processed Meats
Processed meats are meats that have been preserved by smoking, curing, or adding chemicals.
Processed Starches
Starches that have been refined and may cause blood sugar spikes.
Progression
The gradual increase in training intensity or volume to improve fitness.
Progressive Challenge
Gradually increasing workout difficulty to improve strength and fitness.
Progressive Overload
A training method that gradually increases exercise stress to enhance muscle growth.
Prolactin
A hormone that helps control lactation and affects reproductive health.
Proprioception
The body's ability to sense its position and movement.
Prostate Cancer
A type of cancer that forms in the prostate gland, affecting men's health.
Prostate Health Index (PHI)
A test that helps assess the risk of prostate cancer using multiple factors.
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
A protein made by the prostate gland used to help screen for prostate cancer.
Protein
Protein is an essential nutrient important for muscle growth and repair.
Protein Absorption
The process by which the body takes in and utilizes protein from food.
Protein Anchors
Key proteins that support muscle growth and repair in the body.
Protein and Fiber
Nutrients important for feeling full and maintaining overall health.
Protein Intake
The amount of protein consumed, important for weight loss and muscle preservation.
Protein Synthesis
The process by which cells create proteins, essential for muscle repair and growth.
Provisional Mortality Release
An early report on death statistics from health authorities like the CDC.
Pruning
Pruning is the process of removing unused neural connections in the brain.
PSA
A protein that can indicate prostate cancer risk, often used in screening.
PSA Density
A measure that divides PSA levels by prostate volume to assess cancer risk.
PSA Fractionation
A test that separates PSA into free and bound forms to assess prostate health.
PSA test
A blood test that measures prostate-specific antigen to screen for prostate cancer.
PSA Velocity
The rate at which PSA levels change over time, indicating possible cancer presence.
Pseudogynecomastia
Fat accumulation in the chest that looks like gynecomastia but does not involve glandular tissue.
Psilocybin
A natural compound found in magic mushrooms that affects mood and perception.
Psychedelic Experience
An altered state of consciousness caused by certain substances, leading to changes in perception and emotions.
Psychological Allure
The emotional and sensory appeal of fast food that encourages repeated eating habits.
Psychological Health
The mental and emotional well-being of an individual.
Psychological Processes
Mental mechanisms that affect thoughts, feelings, and behaviors during experiences like dying.
Psychological Risks
Negative mental health effects that may arise from certain experiences or substances.
Psychopathology
The study of mental disorders and their effects on behavior and emotions.
Psychosomatic Reaction
A physical symptom influenced by emotional or psychological factors.
Psyllium Husk
A natural fiber supplement that supports digestive health and regular bowel movements.
Psyllium Husk Fiber
Psyllium husk fiber is a natural fiber derived from the seeds of the psyllium plant.
Public Health
The health of the population as a whole, focusing on prevention and health education.
Public Health Officials
Public health officials provide guidance to protect community health using scientific evidence.
Public Health Recommendations
Guidelines aimed at improving health for communities and populations.
Public Health Strategies
Approaches to protect and improve the health of communities, like vaccination programs.
Public Perception
The collective opinion of the public about a person or idea.
Quadriceps
A group of muscles at the front of the thigh important for leg strength and movement.
Quality Sleep
Quality sleep is restful sleep that helps the body and mind recover and function well.
Quality-of-Life
A measure of overall well-being, especially for those living with health conditions like cancer.
Ractopamine
A drug used in livestock to promote growth, linked to health concerns in humans.
Radon
A naturally occurring radioactive gas linked to lung cancer, detectable only through testing.
Randomized Sleep Restriction Trials
Studies that limit sleep in a controlled way to examine effects on health.
Randomized Trial
A study that randomly assigns participants to different treatments to compare outcomes.
Range-of-Motion
The amount of movement possible at a joint during exercises.
Rapamycin
A drug that may slow aging and was first found to fight fungal infections.
Rash
A rash is a change in the skin that causes redness, irritation, or bumps.
Raw Milk
Unpasteurized milk that keeps its natural state and may offer health benefits.
Reaction Time
The time it takes to respond to a stimulus, crucial for safety and coordination.
Reactive Healthcare System
A healthcare approach that responds to health issues instead of preventing them.
Reactive Hypoglycemia
A drop in blood sugar levels after a rise, often linked to eating sugar.
Realistic Goal-Setting
The practice of setting achievable fitness objectives for muscle growth.
Recovery
The process of healing and regaining strength after physical exertion.
Recovery Capacity
The body's ability to heal and regain strength after physical activity.
Recovery Plan
A strategy to ensure adequate rest and adaptation after training stress.
Rectus Femoris
A muscle in the thigh that helps extend the knee and flex the hip.
Red Yeast Rice
A supplement made from fermented rice that contains a substance similar to statins.
Refined Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates processed to remove fiber and nutrients, causing quick blood sugar spikes.
Reflux
Reflux is a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing discomfort.
Registered Dietitian
A registered dietitian is a qualified health expert in nutrition and diet planning.
Regulatory Approaches
Methods used to create rules and guidelines for health product safety and use.
Regulatory Pressure
Government action aimed at influencing industry practices for safety and health.
Regurgitation
Regurgitation is when blood flows backward through a valve that doesn't close properly.
Rehydrate
Rehydrate means to restore lost fluids in the body, especially after exercise.
Relaxation
A state of being free from tension and anxiety.
Relaxation Techniques
Methods like meditation and exercise that help promote relaxation without alcohol.
REM sleep
A stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movement and vivid dreaming.
Repetition Duration
The total time taken to complete one exercise repetition, affecting muscle use and fatigue.
Resistance Exercises
Strength training activities that enhance muscle strength and endurance.
Resistance Training
A type of exercise that uses weights or resistance to build muscle and strength.
Respiratory Depression
A slow or inadequate breathing rate that can lead to low oxygen levels.
Resting Heart Rate
The number of heartbeats per minute while at rest, indicating cardiovascular health.
Retinal Problems
Issues affecting the retina that can lead to sudden vision changes.
Reverse Osmosis
A water filtration method that removes contaminants from drinking water.
Risk Assessment
The process of evaluating potential health risks from substances or behaviors.
Risk Factors
Elements that increase the likelihood of developing health issues.
Risk Management
The process of identifying and reducing potential health risks from infections or diseases.
Risk Stratification
The process of classifying patients based on their risk factors.
Risk versus Benefit
Evaluating the potential harms against the potential benefits of medical treatments.
Rumination
Rumination is the repeated thinking about past events or conversations.
Safe Sunlight
Sunlight exposure that helps produce vitamin D while reducing skin damage risk.
Saline Gargles
Saline gargles are saltwater mixtures used to soothe throat irritation.
Saline Solution
A mixture of salt and water used to clear mucus and allergens from the nose.
Salmonella
Salmonella is a type of bacteria that can cause food poisoning.
Sarcopenia
Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and strength due to aging.
Satiety
The feeling of fullness after eating that affects how much food you consume.
Saturated Fat
A type of fat that can raise cholesterol levels in the blood.
Saturated Fats
Fats that are solid at room temperature and can raise cholesterol levels.
Science-Based Lifting
An approach to resistance training supported by scientific evidence.
Scientific Consensus
A general agreement among scientists on a particular issue based on evidence.
Scientific Evidence
Data and research findings that guide health decisions and practices.
Scientific Studies
Research efforts that investigate health-related questions and phenomena.
Scientific Thinking
A method of analyzing data to draw conclusions based on evidence.
Scientific Validation
The process of confirming health practices' effectiveness and safety through scientific research.
Scoville Heat Units
A measurement of the spiciness of peppers and other spicy foods.
Scoville scale
A measurement of pepper heat based on capsaicin content.
Screening
Testing for disease in people who do not have symptoms.
Screening Guidelines
Recommendations for when and how to conduct health screenings.
Seal Row
A seal row is a strength exercise targeting the muscles in the back and arms.
Second Impact Syndrome
A dangerous condition from a second head injury before recovery from the first.
Sedation
Sedation is the process of calming or inducing sleep in patients during medical procedures.
Sedentary Behavior
A type of low-energy activity like sitting or lying down that can impact health.
Sedentary Lifestyle
A lifestyle with little physical activity that can lead to health issues.
Sedentary Time
Periods of inactivity that can lead to health problems.
Self-Affirmation
A practice that involves recognizing and affirming one's values and strengths.
Self-Experiment
An individual's personal investigation into the effects of a treatment on themselves.
Self-Harm
Self-harm is when someone intentionally hurts themselves as a way to cope with emotional pain.
Self-Monitoring
Tracking one's health and lifestyle choices to manage well-being.
Self-Tracking
The practice of monitoring personal health metrics to identify patterns and make informed changes.
Sensitivity to Light or Noise
A condition where a person is unusually bothered by bright lights or loud sounds.
Sensory Neurons
Nerve cells that collect information from the body and send it to the brain.
Serotonin
A neurotransmitter that affects mood and sleep and is influenced by what we eat.
Sets
A unit of measurement in resistance training, representing a group of consecutive repetitions.
Seven to Nine Hour Window
The recommended sleep duration for adults, which is seven to nine hours each night.
Seven to Nine Hours
The recommended amount of sleep for adults each night.
Severe Dizziness
A strong feeling of unsteadiness that can signal a serious health issue.
Shared Death Experiences
A phenomenon where a person feels they are with someone dying during their last moments.
Shared Decision-Making
A process where patients and doctors work together to choose treatments.
Shelf Life
The time food stays safe to eat and maintains its quality.
Shelf-Stability
The ability of food to stay safe and edible without refrigeration over time.
Shorter Sleep Duration
A decrease in the total amount of sleep a person gets each night.
Shortness of Breath
A feeling of not getting enough air, often occurring during physical activity.
Shoulder Pain
Shoulder pain is discomfort felt in or around the shoulder joint.
Sibling Comparison
A research method used to study shared risk factors among siblings.
Sibling Comparisons
A research method that uses siblings to control for shared risk factors in studies.
Side Effects
Side effects are unwanted reactions that can occur after receiving a vaccine.
Single-Ingredient
A supplement containing only one active component for easier evaluation.
Sit to Stand Assessment
A test that measures the ability to stand from a seated position, evaluating lower body strength.
Sit-to-Stand Test
A test that measures lower body strength and endurance by timing how quickly one can stand up from a seated position.
Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal muscle is a type of muscle tissue that enables movement and helps regulate blood sugar levels.
Skeletal Muscle Mass
The amount of muscle in the body that is attached to the skeleton.
Skin Cancer
A type of cancer that forms in skin cells, often linked to too much sun exposure.
Skin Protection Habits
Practices to prevent skin damage from sun exposure, like using sunscreen.
Sleep
Sleep is a natural state of rest for the body and mind, essential for health.
Sleep Apnea
A sleep disorder where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep.
Sleep Debt
The accumulated lack of sleep that can harm overall health.
Sleep Deprivation
Sleep deprivation is a condition caused by not getting enough sleep.
Sleep Disorder
A condition impacting the quality, timing, and duration of sleep.
Sleep Disorders
Conditions that affect how well you sleep, including quality and timing.
Sleep Disruption
Sleep disruption is any interruption in normal sleep patterns.
Sleep Hygiene
Sleep hygiene refers to practices that help improve sleep quality.
Sleep Inertia
Sleep inertia is the grogginess felt after waking from deep sleep.
Sleep Physiology
The study of biological processes that happen during sleep.
Sleep Quality
Sleep quality refers to how well one sleeps, including factors like restfulness and duration.
Sleep Timing
The schedule of sleep periods that affects health and well-being.
Sleep-Wake Schedule
The regular pattern of sleep and wakefulness that helps manage alertness.
Slipping Risk
The chance of losing grip and falling, especially on slippery surfaces like ice.
Smoke Alarms
Devices that detect smoke to warn of fire, crucial for home safety.
SNAP
SNAP is a program that helps low-income families buy food.
SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program)
A federal program that helps low- and no-income people buy food.
Social Avoidance
Deliberately staying away from social interactions, different from choosing solitude.
Social Connections
Relationships with others that enhance well-being and support health.
Social Lubricant
Substances like alcohol that help ease social interactions but can pose health issues, especially for the elderly.
Socioeconomic Groups
Categories of people based on economic and social factors affecting healthcare access.
Sodium
Sodium is a mineral that helps regulate fluids and is found in table salt and many foods.
Sodium Aluminum Phosphate
A chemical compound used in some fast foods, linked to cognitive decline.
Sodium Intake
The amount of sodium consumed, which can impact kidney health.
Solitude
A preference for being alone, often seen as a normal personality style.
Soluble Fiber
A type of fiber that dissolves in water and helps trap cholesterol in the intestine.
Soreness
Muscle discomfort that can signal growth or stress in the muscles.
Sperm Parameters
Measurements that assess sperm health and function.
Spike Protein
A protein on the surface of the SARS-CoV-2 virus targeted by vaccines and linked to immune responses.
Sports Drinks
Beverages that help replace fluids and electrolytes lost during intense exercise.
Sports Nutrition
The study of how diet affects athletic performance and recovery.
Spot Reduction
The idea that fat loss can be targeted to specific areas of the body through exercise.
Sprint Interval Training
A type of exercise that alternates short bursts of intense activity with rest periods.
Squeeze-and-Stretch Rhythm
A technique for effective muscle engagement during exercises.
Statins
Medications used to lower cholesterol levels in the blood.
Statistically Meaningless
Results that lack statistical significance and cannot lead to valid conclusions.
Statistics
The branch of math focused on data collection, analysis, and presentation.
Stenosis
A condition where a valve opening narrows, limiting blood flow.
Steroid-Enhanced Physiques
Athletes or bodybuilders who use steroids to boost muscle size and performance.
Stimulant
A substance that increases energy and alertness in the body.
Stimulants
Substances that increase alertness and energy, like caffeine.
Strength Training
A form of exercise aimed at building muscle mass and strength.
Strength-Oriented
Training that focuses on building strength through resistance exercises.
Stress
A mental and physical reaction to life's challenges that can be managed effectively.
Stress Hormones
Chemicals released by the body in response to stress or danger.
Stress Pathways
Biological systems in the body that react to stress and can be affected by social isolation.
Stress Physiology
The study of how the body responds to stress through various physical changes.
Stress Response
The body's reaction to perceived threats or challenges, often known as the fight-or-flight response.
Strict Form
Performing exercises with precise technique to target specific muscles.
Stroke
A stroke is a serious medical condition caused by interrupted blood flow to the brain.
Subcutaneous Fat
Fat stored just under the skin, considered a relatively healthy type of fat.
Subcutaneous Injections
A method of giving medication by injecting it into the layer of fat under the skin.
Subsidize
To provide financial support to reduce the cost of certain goods or services.
Substance P
A molecule that helps transmit pain signals in the body.
Substrate Utilization
The process the body uses to convert nutrients into energy during exercise.
Sugar Crash
A drop in energy or mood after consuming a lot of sugar.
Sugary Beverages
Drinks that contain high amounts of sugar, often linked to health issues.
Sulfonylureas
Sulfonylureas are medications that help the body produce more insulin.
Supervised Research
Clinical studies conducted with professional oversight to ensure safety and validity.
Supplement Stacks
A combination of dietary supplements taken together to improve health or performance.
Supplements
Products taken to enhance health, some can be harmful if not used cautiously.
Supply Chains
The system that produces and distributes medical supplies and medications.
Supportive Care
Care aimed at relieving symptoms and improving quality of life during illness.
Sustainable Calorie Approach
A way to manage calorie intake for long-term health without strict limits.
Sustainable Habits
Practices that can be maintained long-term for health and weight management.
Sustainable Lifestyle Changes
Long-term changes to daily habits that improve health without quick fixes.
Symbiosis
A mutually beneficial relationship between different organisms.
Symptom Relief
The reduction of symptoms without treating the root cause of a condition.
Synaptogenesis
The process of forming connections between neurons in the brain.
Synthetic Derivatives
Chemically altered compounds derived from natural substances.
Target Fixation
Target fixation is focusing on something to avoid, which can lead to accidentally steering toward it.
Technical Difficulty
Challenges faced by surgeons during medical procedures.
Tendons
Tendons are connective tissues that attach muscles to bones.
Tension
The force felt in muscles during exercise, important for growth and recovery.
Testosterone
A hormone important for muscle growth and often linked to bodybuilding.
Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT)
A treatment to boost low testosterone levels in men.
Therapeutic Benefits
Positive health effects that may improve well-being or treat conditions.
Therapeutic Doses
Amounts of a substance that provide effective health benefits.
Therapeutic Treatments
Medical methods used to improve health and function in the body.
Therapeutic Uses
The medical applications of a substance for treating health conditions.
Thermic Effect
The energy used by the body to digest and process food.
Thermogenesis
The process of heat production in organisms.
Thermogenic Effect
It is the increase in metabolic rate caused by certain foods, especially spicy ones.
Third-Party Tested
A product that has been independently checked for quality and safety.
Thirst
Thirst is the body's signal that it needs more fluids.
Thoracic Duct
A major lymphatic vessel that transports lymph back into circulation.
Thyroid
The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in the neck that produces hormones for metabolism.
Thyroid Medication
Medications that help manage thyroid hormone levels in the body.
Timeliness
The promptness of receiving medical care and interventions.
Timing Cues
External signals that help regulate our body's biological rhythms.
Timing Rule
A strategy for scheduling meals to help control blood sugar levels.
Tissue Regeneration
The process by which the body repairs and replaces damaged cells and tissues.
Tissues
Tissues are groups of cells that work together to perform specific functions in the body.
Toe Positioning
The alignment of toes during exercises that affects muscle targeting.
Toning
Toning is the process of building muscle strength and definition without focusing on quick weight loss.
Topical Capsaicin Creams
Creams that use capsaicin to relieve pain when applied to the skin.
Total Cholesterol
The overall amount of cholesterol in the blood, including LDL and HDL cholesterol.
Total Evidence
A complete review of all available data on a specific claim or topic.
Toxins
Substances that can harm living organisms and disrupt biological functions.
Traction
Traction refers to the grip or friction between surfaces, helping to prevent slips and falls.
Trade-offs
The balance between benefits and risks in health decisions or treatments.
Traditional Medicine
Health practices passed down through generations, often varying in evidence and quality.
Training Frequency
The number of training sessions per week that affects muscle growth.
Training Load
The amount of stress placed on the body during exercise and training sessions.
Training Longevity
The ability to maintain a consistent exercise routine over time.
Training Variables
Factors in training that can be adjusted to improve fitness results.
Training Volume
The total number of hard working sets done for a muscle each week.
Trans Fat
Trans fat is a type of unhealthy fat found in some processed foods.
Trans Fats
Trans fats are unhealthy fats found in some processed foods that can raise bad cholesterol levels.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)
A minimally invasive procedure to replace a damaged aortic valve using a catheter.
Transmission
The process by which diseases spread from one person or source to another.
Trapezius
A large muscle in the upper back that helps move and stabilize the shoulder blades.
Trauma
Trauma is a deeply distressing or disturbing experience that affects mental health.
Triglyceride Glucose (TyG) Index
A calculation using fasting triglycerides and glucose to assess metabolic health.
Triglyceride Glucose Index (TyG)
A calculation using fasting triglycerides and glucose to evaluate metabolic health.
Triglycerides
Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood, important for heart health assessment.
Trihalomethanes
Harmful byproducts created when chlorine meets organic materials in water.
TRPV1
TRPV1 is a receptor that detects pain and temperature changes in the body.
Turmeric
A spice used in traditional medicine with potential health benefits.
Tylenol
Tylenol is an over-the-counter pain reliever and fever reducer.
Type 1 Diabetes
A condition where the body cannot produce insulin, causing high blood sugar levels.
Type 2 Diabetes
A chronic condition that affects how the body processes blood sugar.
Typhoid Fever
A serious bacterial infection caused by contaminated food and water.
Typhus
Typhus is an infection spread by lice, often occurring in crowded and unsanitary conditions.
U-shaped curve
A pattern showing that both low and high BMI are linked to higher health risks.
Ulcers
Ulcers are sores that develop on the skin or mucous membranes in the body.
Ultra Processed Carbs
Carbohydrates that are highly processed and often contain added sugars and refined starches.
Ultra-Processed Foods
Food products that are heavily processed and contain artificial ingredients.
Ultradian Rhythms
Biological cycles that happen more than once a day, affecting focus and productivity.
Ultrasound
A medical imaging technique that uses sound waves to visualize structures inside the body.
Uncorrected Astigmatism
A refractive error causing blurred vision due to an irregularly shaped cornea or lens.
Underlying Health Issues
Pre-existing medical conditions that can impact health management and treatment options.
Undertraining
Undertraining occurs when there is insufficient physical activity or stimulus for growth.
Underweight
A condition where a person's body mass index (BMI) is below 18.5.
Undulating Periodization
A training method that varies rep ranges throughout the week to boost strength.
Unintentional Injury
Injuries that happen by accident, not on purpose, like car crashes or falls.
Universal Access
Universal access means providing healthcare services to everyone without barriers.
Universal Access to Healthcare
The principle that everyone should be able to get healthcare without financial stress.
Unvaccinated Groups
Populations that have not received vaccines, often used in research comparisons.
Urban Planning
The process of designing and organizing urban spaces for better living conditions.
Urgent Care
Urgent care is a type of medical service for non-life-threatening health issues that require prompt attention.
Uroflowmetry
A test that measures how fast urine flows from the bladder.
UV Protection
Methods to shield the skin from harmful ultraviolet radiation.
Vaccinated Groups
Populations that have received vaccines, often used in studies for comparisons.
Vaccination
Vaccination is the process of giving a vaccine to prevent infectious diseases.
Vaccination Guidelines
Recommendations for when and how vaccines should be given to prevent diseases.
Vaccine
A vaccine is a substance that helps the body build immunity against specific diseases.
Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)
A system for reporting possible problems with vaccines.
Vaccine Hesitancy
Reluctance or refusal to vaccinate despite vaccine availability.
Vaccine Immunity
Immunity developed through vaccination to help the body fight diseases.
Vaccine Skepticism
Doubt or concern about the safety and effectiveness of vaccines.
Vaccines
Vaccines are substances that help the body build immunity against diseases.
Vaccines Cause Autism
A claim that vaccines lead to autism, which is not supported by scientific evidence.
VAERS
VAERS is a system for reporting and monitoring side effects of vaccines in the U.S.
Vagus Nerve
Cranial nerve 10 that connects the brain to many body parts and regulates bodily functions.
Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS)
A therapy that uses electrical impulses to stimulate the vagus nerve for health benefits.
Valvular Dysfunction
Valvular dysfunction refers to problems with the heart valves that affect blood flow.
Valvular Heart Disease
A condition where one or more heart valves do not work properly.
Vascular Stiffness
A condition where blood vessels become less flexible, affecting blood flow.
Vascularity
Vascularity refers to the visibility of veins, often seen with low body fat and defined muscles.
Vasodilator
A substance that widens blood vessels to help lower blood pressure.
Veggie Starter
A method of eating non-starchy vegetables before meals to lower blood sugar spikes.
Victim Blaming
The idea that individuals are responsible for their own health issues.
Virology
Virology is the study of viruses and the diseases they cause.
Virulence
The degree to which a virus can cause disease.
Visceral Fat
Fat stored around internal organs, especially in the belly area.
Viscous Protective Mesh
A gel-like barrier in the digestive tract that slows glucose absorption.
Visual Performance
The ability of the eyes and brain to work together to see clearly and react quickly.
Vitamin C
A nutrient that helps support the immune system and recovery from exercise.
Vitamin D
A nutrient essential for bone health and may influence muscle growth and fat storage.
Vitamin D Production
The body's process of making vitamin D, mainly through sun exposure.
Vitamin D Receptor
A protein that helps cells respond to vitamin D in the body.
Vitamins
Vitamins are essential nutrients that our body needs to function properly.
VLDL
Very-low-density lipoprotein that carries triglycerides in the blood.
Walking
A basic physical activity involving moving at a regular pace on foot.
Warm-up
A preparatory phase of exercise to reduce injury risk and enhance performance.
Water-Soluble
Vitamins that dissolve in water and are not stored in the body, needing regular intake.
Water-Soluble Vitamins
Vitamins that dissolve in water and are not stored in the body, like B and C.
Weaponized Incompetence
A tactic where someone pretends to be incapable to avoid responsibility.
Weight
Weight is the measure of how heavy a person or object is.
Weight Loss
Weight loss is the reduction of total body weight, often through diet and exercise.
Weight Management
The process of maintaining or adjusting body weight for better health.
Well Designed Studies
Research studies that use large groups and proper controls to ensure valid results.
Well-being
A state of health that includes mental, emotional, and social aspects of life.
Whey Isolate
A high-quality protein from milk, often used for muscle recovery.
Whiplash
A neck injury caused by rapid back-and-forth motion, often from car accidents.
White Chocolate
A sweet treat made from cacao butter, sugar, and milk solids, but no cacao solids.
White Matter
Brain tissue that contains myelinated axons, helping different brain areas communicate.
WHO
The World Health Organization is a global agency focused on public health.
Withdrawal Symptoms
Signs and feelings experienced when stopping a substance that the body has become dependent on.
Working Beyond Failure
A training method where you exercise until your muscles can’t continue.
Wrist Pain
Discomfort or pain in the wrist area, often due to strain or injury.