Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition that occurs when stomach acid or, occasionally, bile flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach, known as the esophagus. This backflow, or reflux, can cause symptoms like heartburn and regurgitation, which can be uncomfortable and disruptive to daily life. GERD is considered a more serious and long-term form of acid reflux.
Understanding GERD is important because it can lead to complications if left untreated. Chronic exposure of the esophagus to stomach acid can cause inflammation and damage to the lining, potentially leading to esophagitis, strictures, or Barrett's esophagus, a condition that can increase the risk of esophageal cancer. Recognizing the symptoms early can help in managing and minimizing these risks.
The esophagus is a muscular tube that transports food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach. Normally, a band of muscle at the lower end of the esophagus, called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), closes as soon as food passes through it. This prevents stomach contents from coming back up. In GERD, the LES may be weak or relax inappropriately, allowing acid to flow back up into the esophagus.
While GERD can affect anyone, certain factors like diet, obesity, and lifestyle choices can exacerbate the condition. It's essential to be aware of how certain foods, such as spicy foods, may trigger or worsen symptoms. Maintaining awareness of GERD can help individuals make informed choices about their health and seek appropriate care when necessary.