HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a virus that attacks the body's immune system, particularly the CD4 cells (T cells), which help the body fight off infections. If not treated, HIV can lead to AIDS, or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, which is the final stage of HIV infection. At this stage, the immune system is severely damaged, making the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections and certain cancers.
Understanding HIV/AIDS is crucial for public health because it has significant impacts on individuals and communities. Globally, millions of people are living with HIV, and many do not know they are infected. Education and awareness are key in preventing the spread of the virus and in reducing stigma associated with the condition. Early detection and ongoing management can help those infected lead healthy lives and lower the risk of transmission to others.
In the body, HIV primarily targets and destroys CD4 cells, which play a vital role in maintaining a healthy immune response. Without enough CD4 cells, the body cannot effectively fight off infections and diseases. This deterioration of the immune system is what distinguishes HIV from other viral infections. Once a person's immune system is significantly weakened, they are considered to have progressed to AIDS, which can manifest in various serious health complications.
HIV/AIDS remains a major public health issue worldwide, with ongoing efforts focused on prevention, education, and treatment. Advances in medicine have allowed many people with HIV to live longer, healthier lives, but awareness and understanding of the virus and its effects remain essential for combating its spread and impact on society.