Lactose is a type of sugar that is naturally present in milk and other dairy products. It is a disaccharide, which means it is made up of two simpler sugars: glucose and galactose. When we consume milk or dairy, lactose can be broken down in the body by an enzyme called lactase. This process is essential for digesting dairy products effectively.
Lactose matters for health because it is a primary carbohydrate source in milk, providing energy, especially for infants and children. However, some people have difficulty digesting lactose due to low levels of lactase, leading to a condition known as lactose intolerance. This can cause symptoms like bloating, gas, and diarrhea after consuming dairy products, affecting dietary choices and nutrition.
In the body, lactose is broken down into glucose and galactose, which can then be absorbed into the bloodstream. Glucose is a key energy source for our cells, while galactose is converted into glucose in the liver. This process highlights the important role of lactose in providing energy and supporting metabolic functions.
Overall, understanding lactose is crucial for recognizing how dairy fits into a balanced diet and how it affects individuals with varying levels of lactase production. Knowing whether one is lactose intolerant can help people make informed food choices and maintain their overall health.