Mediators are chemical substances released by immune cells, particularly during allergic reactions. They play a crucial role in the body's response to allergens and help regulate various immune processes. Common examples include histamine, cytokines, and prostaglandins, all of which contribute to the symptoms associated with allergies and inflammation.
Understanding mediators is important for health because they are key players in how our body reacts to allergens and pathogens. When the immune system identifies a harmful substance, mediators are released to help fight off the threat. However, in cases of allergies, the release of these substances can lead to excessive or inappropriate reactions, causing symptoms like itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing.
In the body, mediators function by signaling other immune cells and tissues to respond to an allergen or infection. For instance, histamine increases blood flow to an area, which can cause redness and swelling. This response helps the body fight infections or heal injuries, but it can also lead to discomfort during allergic reactions. Mediators also help regulate inflammation, which is a vital process for healing.
In summary, mediators are essential components of the immune response, especially during allergic reactions. They help the body defend against threats but can also cause discomfort when reactions are too strong or misdirected.