Particulate matter (PM2.5) refers to tiny particles in the air that are 2.5 micrometers or smaller in diameter. These particles can come from various sources, including vehicle emissions, industrial processes, and natural events like wildfires. Because they are so small, PM2.5 can easily be inhaled and reach deep into the lungs, making them a significant concern for air quality.
PM2.5 is important for health because exposure to these fine particles can lead to serious respiratory and cardiovascular issues. Studies have shown that long-term exposure to PM2.5 can increase the risk of heart attacks, stroke, and respiratory diseases like asthma and chronic bronchitis. Vulnerable groups, such as children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing health conditions, are particularly at risk.
When PM2.5 enters the body through inhalation, it can cause inflammation in the lungs and may even enter the bloodstream. This can lead to a range of health problems, including reduced lung function and increased blood pressure. The body's immune system may respond to these particles, leading to further health complications over time.
In summary, understanding PM2.5 is crucial for recognizing the impact of air pollution on health. Efforts to reduce exposure to these harmful particles can help improve public health and air quality overall.