Cortisol is a hormone released by the adrenal glands, which are located on top of each kidney. It plays a crucial role in how the body responds to stress. Often referred to as the "stress hormone," cortisol levels increase in response to stress and low blood-glucose concentration.
Cortisol matters for health because it helps control many important functions in the body. It influences how the body uses carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and it helps maintain blood pressure. Cortisol also helps reduce inflammation and affects the sleep-wake cycle. When cortisol levels are too high or too low, it can lead to health problems like Cushing's syndrome or Addison's disease.
In the body, cortisol works by preparing the body to handle stressful situations. It increases glucose in the bloodstream to provide immediate energy, enhances the brain's use of glucose, and curbs functions that would be non-essential in a fight-or-flight situation. This includes altering immune system responses and suppressing the digestive system.
If you experience symptoms like unexplained weight changes, fatigue, or mood swings, it might be a good idea to learn more about cortisol and consult with a healthcare professional. Understanding cortisol can help in managing stress and maintaining overall health.