Hemoglobin A1c, often called A1c, is a blood test that measures the average level of sugar, or glucose, in your blood over the last two to three months. It does this by assessing the percentage of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells, that has sugar attached to it. This makes it a useful tool for understanding long-term blood sugar control, especially for people with diabetes.
This test is important because it helps doctors diagnose diabetes and monitor how well a person is managing their blood sugar levels. Regular monitoring of A1c levels can help prevent complications related to diabetes, such as heart disease, nerve damage, and kidney issues. It gives a clearer picture of blood sugar trends compared to daily blood sugar tests, which only provide a snapshot of current levels.
In the body, hemoglobin A1c reflects how well your body has been able to keep blood sugar levels within a healthy range over time. When blood sugar levels are consistently high, more sugar attaches to hemoglobin, resulting in a higher A1c percentage. This is why the A1c test is a valuable measure of glucose control, as it shows how well the body is responding to insulin, the hormone that helps regulate blood sugar.
Overall, the Hemoglobin A1c test is a key tool in managing diabetes and helps both patients and healthcare providers make informed decisions about treatment plans and lifestyle changes. It is usually performed every few months, depending on individual health needs and treatment goals.