Hypotension, commonly known as low blood pressure, occurs when the blood pressure in the arteries falls below normal levels. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is expressed with two numbers: systolic (the pressure when the heart beats) over diastolic (the pressure when the heart rests between beats). When blood pressure readings drop significantly, it can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, fainting, and fatigue.
Understanding hypotension is important for health because it can indicate underlying medical conditions or lead to serious complications if not addressed. For example, during severe allergic reactions like anaphylaxis, hypotension can occur suddenly, making it a critical condition that requires immediate attention. Chronic low blood pressure can also result from various factors, including dehydration, blood loss, or certain medications.
The basic function of blood pressure is to ensure that blood circulates effectively throughout the body, delivering essential nutrients and oxygen to tissues and organs. When blood pressure is too low, the flow of blood may not be sufficient to meet the body's needs, which can affect overall health. Maintaining adequate blood pressure is crucial for the proper functioning of the heart and other vital organs.
While hypotension may not always be a cause for concern, it is essential to recognize when it becomes problematic. Monitoring blood pressure regularly can help individuals and healthcare providers identify potential issues early and take appropriate measures if necessary.