Lipoprotein(a), often abbreviated as Lp(a), is a specific type of lipoprotein found in the blood. It is similar to low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which is commonly known as 'bad cholesterol,' but it has a unique protein called apolipoprotein(a) attached to it. This distinct structure makes Lp(a) different from other lipoproteins and contributes to its role in cardiovascular health.
Understanding lipoprotein(a) is important because high levels of it are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attacks and strokes. Unlike other risk factors, Lp(a) levels are largely determined by genetics and do not change much with lifestyle changes. This means that individuals with high Lp(a) levels may be at risk even if they have normal cholesterol levels or lead a healthy lifestyle.
In the body, lipoprotein(a) functions by transporting cholesterol and other fats through the bloodstream. However, elevated levels of Lp(a) can lead to plaque buildup in arteries, which narrows them and can restrict blood flow. This process is known as atherosclerosis and is a significant factor in heart disease. The presence of Lp(a) can also promote blood clotting, further increasing the risk of cardiovascular events.
It is important to note that while Lp(a) can be measured through a simple blood test, not all healthcare providers routinely check for it. Those with a family history of heart disease or other risk factors may want to discuss testing for lipoprotein(a) with their healthcare provider to better understand their cardiovascular risk profile.