PSA stands for Prostate-Specific Antigen. It is a protein produced by cells in the prostate gland, which is located below the bladder in men. PSA is commonly found in small amounts in the blood of healthy men, but levels can rise due to various conditions, including prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostatitis.
Understanding PSA levels is important for men's health because elevated levels may suggest an increased risk of prostate cancer. Regular screening using PSA tests can help detect prostate cancer early when it is most treatable. However, not all men with high PSA levels have cancer, and some men with cancer may have normal PSA levels, making it a useful but imperfect tool in assessing prostate health.
In the body, PSA helps to liquefy semen, which is essential for fertility. It allows sperm to swim freely, increasing the chances of successful fertilization. The body regulates PSA levels naturally, and various factors, such as age and prostate health, can influence these levels.
While the PSA test is a valuable tool for screening, it is one part of a bigger picture in assessing prostate health. Men should discuss their individual risk factors and screening options with their healthcare provider to make informed decisions about their health.