Natural killer (NK) cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. They are part of the body's first line of defense against tumors and viral infections. NK cells are named for their ability to kill infected or cancerous cells without needing prior exposure to them, making them an essential component of innate immunity.
Understanding NK cells is important for health because they help maintain the body's balance by identifying and destroying abnormal cells. This function is especially vital in cancer surveillance, where NK cells can detect and eliminate early tumor cells before they grow into larger masses. Additionally, their role in fighting viral infections helps to keep the immune system functioning effectively against various pathogens.
In the body, NK cells work by recognizing stressed or infected cells. Once they identify these cells, they release substances that can lead to cell death. This process helps prevent the spread of infections and the development of tumors. NK cells can also produce signaling molecules that enhance the overall immune response, further assisting in the body's fight against disease.
Research into NK cells has implications for treatments in cancer therapy and infectious diseases. Understanding how factors like rapamycin influence NK cell activity can lead to new strategies for enhancing immune responses. Overall, NK cells are vital players in our immune defense system, helping our bodies stay healthy and fight off threats effectively.