Natural Killer (NK) cells are a type of lymphocyte, which is a white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the body's immune system. They are known for their ability to recognize and destroy infected or cancerous cells without prior sensitization to them. This makes them unique compared to other immune cells, as they can act quickly to eliminate threats to the body. NK cells are part of the innate immune system, which is the body's first line of defense against pathogens.
NK cells matter for health because they are essential for monitoring the body for signs of cancer and infections. By targeting and killing abnormal cells, NK cells help prevent the spread of tumors and keep infections in check. A healthy population of NK cells contributes to a well-functioning immune system, which is crucial for maintaining overall health and preventing diseases.
The basic function of NK cells involves identifying stressed or infected cells and releasing substances that can lead to their destruction. They operate by recognizing specific markers on the surface of these cells that indicate they are abnormal. Once an NK cell identifies a target, it can induce cell death and release cytokines, which are signaling molecules that help coordinate other immune responses.
In summary, NK cells are vital players in the immune system, providing immediate defense against cancerous and infected cells. Understanding their function and the factors that can influence them, such as certain medications like rapamycin, is important for advancing cancer surveillance and treatment strategies.